194 FLOWl'.I^s Ol- WASri'-. PLACES, ETC. 



the style commence, ami end in a riiiL; <>! lonijcr hairs. The .stvle 

 projects h-om the anlhcr c\ Hnder 1-2 mm. below the rini;- of lono-er 

 hairs, and the 2 stigmatic lobes are spreading. Hence pollen cannot 

 fall on the stigma, and the plant is usually cross-pollinated. The 

 visitors are Boiiibics aororni)/, Haliclus /oi/i^ii/iis. 



The burs are jiroxided with hooks which catcii in iht: coats of 

 animals ami arc; thus dispersed, the plant on recoiling shooting the 

 burs a distance. The achenes are also pro\ided with a pappus and 

 can be dispersed by the wind. 



A sandy soil in which there is some littk- humus best suits Burdock, 

 which is to be found on a variety of rock soil, and may be frequeniK- 

 met with also on a clay soil. 



A fungus, Piicciiua liicyacii, may be found on it, and it is galled bv 

 Tephrifis bar dance. 



The moths Agrotis rhoindoida/is, Depressaria arenella, also the 

 Ghost -Swift [Htpia/us humuir). Frosted Orange {Gortyna flavago), 

 Argvrolcpia badiana, Parasia lappclla, Pterophortts galactodactyhis, and 

 the flies Trypcia corimta and Chromatotnyia nigra are found upon it. 



Arctiitni, Dioscorides, is from the Greek ai'ctos, bear, from the 

 coarse texture of the involucres; and the second Latin name refers to 

 the size of the heads. The plant has been used as a remedy for 

 rheumatism. 



EssENTi.vL Specific Cii.vr.vcteks: — 



168. Arctimn minus, Bernh. — .Stem tall, nutant, branched, leaves 

 large, cordate, stalks hollow, flowers in rounded heads, purple, in 

 raceme, on short stalks, phyllaries less than the florets. 



Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans, L.) 



This plant is found throughout the North Temperate Zone in 

 Europe, X. Africa, Silieria, and has been introduced into North 

 America. It is unknown in any early bed.s. In Great Britain it 

 occurs throughout the Peninsula, Channel, Thames, Anglia, and 

 Severn pro\inces; not in Radnor or Cardigan in S. Wales; Mont- 

 gomery or Merioneth in X. Wales; throughout the Trent. Chester, 

 Humber, Tyne, Lakes districts, except in the Isle of Man; in Lanark; 

 not in Peebles, Selkirk, or Linlithgow in E. Lowlands; in .Stirling, 

 Kincardine, and Perth; Elgin, N. Ebudes, Ross, ami .Shetland; or from 

 Skye and Moray southward, ascemling to 1600 ft. in ^'^)rks. 



The Musk Thistle is a conspicuous denizen ot waste ground, 

 rubbish heaps, growing near houses, and generally being a decided 



