198 FLOWERS Ol- WASTE PLACES, ETC. 



longer (16-18 iniii.), ami thus h;L\ c no died on ihe possibility of 

 reachinjr the honey; Inii the throat where the honey collects is much 

 long-er, and is 4-6 mm. instead of i -i', mm. In the former, insect 

 visitors are less varied. It is visited more particularly by long-tongued 

 bumble bees and honey bees, butterflies, and llies, Bonibits tcn-estris, B. 

 aororinn, B. lapidariiis, B. cainpestris, Meoac/ii/c. Po/istcs gracilis. Eri- 

 s/a/is /ill ax, and /:". ai-bitsfonnii, /:. iicDioruui, J'icris brass icfc. I Icspcria. 



The pappus is feathery, and the achenes thus well adapted to wind 

 dispersal. 



This handsome Thistle is more f)r less a clay-loving plant growing 

 on a clay .soil, but will also .subsist on sand soil or .sandy loam. 



It is infested by the cluster-cuj) Uingi I'licciiiia liicracii. P. carditi. 



Three Hymenoptera, Andrciia Jilipcs. .1. denticulatiis, jMcoac/iile 

 iigiiiscca; Lepidoptera, Coiichvlis dubitana, Myelois crihrcHa. Gclcchia 

 acitminatclla. Painted Lady {Pyraiiicis cardui), Caiopti/ia scopo/iana, 

 Ciicpliasia octoiiiacu/aiia, . Iroyro/cpia ci/icaiia. Xani/iosc/ia /laii/aiia, 

 JJcprcssaria arcuc/Ia, P. pi-opiiu]uc//a. /\ Cardiie//a. &c. ; antl the (lies 

 Loncluca nigra. Chcilosia variabilis, teed upon it. 



Cniciis. Tournefort, is Greek for a thistle-like plant, and the second 

 Latin name refers to the shape of the leaves. 



Names bv which it is known include I'xiw Fistle, Bur, Cheese, 

 Dashel, Marian, Ouat Vessel (Bank, Bell, Bird, Blue, I5oar, Bow, 

 Buck, Bull, Bur, Horse, .Scotch Thistle). The first name was given 

 because goldfinches feed on the .seeds. Boar Thistle refers to the 

 strong prickles. Children blow the pappus, saying: 



" Marian, Marian, what's tlie time of day? 

 One o'clock, two o'clock, it's time we were away". 



Essential Specific Ch.\r.\cters: — 



170. Ciiiciis lauccolatiis. \\"illd. — -Stem tall, winged, leaves hairy, 

 lanceolate, decurrent, oljoxate, pinnatificl, lobes spinose, bifid, llower- 

 heads purple, scales woolly, spreading, lanceolate, involucres o\ate, 

 pappus feathery. 



Milk Thistle (.Silybum marianum, Gaertn.) 



The distribution of Milk Thistle is limited to Europe from Holland 

 southwards. It is unknown in early deposits. It is, moreover, not a 

 nati\'e of Briiain, and in .Scotland and Ireland is quite rare. 



The Milk Thistle is really only an iiuroduction. It is found on 

 waste ground, or in oardens where it has been sown with garden 



