MARSH MARIGOLD 



rhe achenes are aooR'- 



cross-pollinate some stii;iiias, those alighting first on petals touchiiii;- 

 the anther and stigmas, either causing cross- or self-poUination. The 

 Hower being half-drooping may also be self-pollinated from this reason. 

 The visitors are Flies, or Diptera, S\rphidse, Syri/hi. C/ici/osia, Mcli- 

 tkreptiis, Muscida;, Scatoplia<^a, .liitlioniyia; H)"menoptera, Apida;, 

 Ha/ictus \ Lepidoptera, Saiynis, Pa)iiphiliis. 



Spearwort is dispersed by its own agency. 

 gate, and dispersed arountl the parent 

 plant. 



This handsome species is a Hydro- 

 phyte or water plant and acjuatic, or a 

 Helophyte or marsh plant. 



A fungus, sEcidiiiDi raii/incii/ciccannu, 

 forms orange-yellow groups of "cluster- 

 cups " on the leaves. 



The specific name (once a genus) 

 Lingua was bestowed b\" Pliny, and means 

 a tongue, and w-as used in allusion to the 

 shape of the leaves. Possibly Pliny's plant, 

 however, was the Hart's Tongue. 



It is called also .Sjiear Crowfoot antl 

 .Sparrow W'eed. The Lesser Spearwort 

 was used under the name "fiame" as a 

 cure for "cankers " or ulcers. It is a 

 poisonous plant, and the Les.ser Spearwort 

 is of the .same nature. 



Essi:nti.\l Specific Characters: — 



6. Ramincnliis Lingua, L. — Stem- 

 leaves entire, subserrate, sessile, stem erect, 

 flowers large, yellow, carpels pitted, style broad with ensiform lip. 



riiotn. M.HtSOii 



Great Spkakwort 

 [Ranu)iculus Lingttn, L.) 



Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris, L.) 



This is an Arctic plant fouiul in Pre-, Inter-, and Late Glacial, 

 Neolithic, and Roman deposits. It is a plant of the Cold Temperate 

 and Arctic regions, found in Arctic Europe, North and W. Asia, as 

 far as the Himalayas, and in North America. .So widely distributed a 

 plant occurs in every part of Great P)ritain, and in Scotland grows at 

 3400 ft. in the Highlands. It is found in Ireland. 



The Marsh Marigold is hygrophilous, i.e. fond of moisture, always 

 confined to marshv tracts, where there are .some lime salts in the soil. It 



