1 66 FLOWERS OF ROCKS, WALLS, ETC. 



soil when it is a sand-lovinc;- plant, or a lime soil and is a lime-loving- 

 plant. 



The plant is common on the Marlstone and Oolitic rocks. 



A cluster-cup fungus Piiccinia hieracii attacks the leaves, and it 

 is galled by Cccidoiuyia pilosclla. 



Several beetles feed on Hieracia, e.g. 0/ihnis /ig nidus, Meligethcs 

 u7nbrosns, M. exi/is, Psilothi-ix nob His, Ciyptocephalns aurcolus, C. 

 hypochc€ridis\ two Hymenoptera, Pfoso/^is iiiasoiii, Andrciia august ior; 

 Lepidoptera, Ptcrophora pai-vidactylus, P. pilosellce. Broad -barred 

 White {^Hccatcra sariia), Mclitcra ciiixia, Si.x-spotted Burnet {Zygcrua 

 filipendulcc); a Heteropterous insect, Hoplonuichus thuubagii\ and a 

 fly, Pepliritis ruralis also feed on it. 



Plieraciuui, Dioscorides, is from the Greek hicj-ax, hawk, because 

 birds of prey were said to improve their sight by its means. Pilosclla, 

 Mathiolus, is a diminutive oi pilosjts, hairy. 



This pretty plant has been named Erswort, Fellon-herb, Ling 

 Gowlands, Mouse Ear. The name Spear Hawk is like Hawkweed, 

 of which Gerarde says: "These herbes tooke their name from a 

 Hawke, for they are reported to cleere their sight by conveying the 

 juice heere of into their eies". (See anle.) Another name for it is 

 Devil's Bit. The plant is astringent and was used medicinally in 

 former days. 



EssENTL\L Specific Characters: — 



179. Hieracium Pilosella, L.- — Stoloniferous, creeping, leaves hairy, 

 entire, scape i -flowered, leafless, flowerheads yellow or lemon, fruit 

 striate, pappus hairs equal, styles yellow. 



Wall Lettuce (Lactuca muralis, Gaertn.) 



There is no trace of Wall Lettuce in ancient deposits. It is found 

 in the North Temperate Zone in Europe and Western Asia. In 

 Great Britain it is found in the Peninsula, Channel, Anglia provinces, 

 except in Bedford, and Hunts in the Severn province; in S. Wales, 

 except in Radnor; in N. Wales, except in Merioneth and Mont- 

 gomery; in the Trent province; in the Mersey province, except in 

 Mid Lanes; the Humber and Tyne provinces, except in Cheviotland; 

 the Lakes province, except in the Isle of Man; in Scotland, in Ayr. 

 E. and W^. Perth, Easterness, Westerness, Argyle. In England it is 

 rare, ascending to 1300 ft. in Yorks. It occurs in W'icklow and Louth 

 in Ireland. 



W'^all Lettuce, as implied by the name, is a mural species which 



