ANGIOSPERM^ 



203 



posterior; petals 4-5, equal, perigyiioiis; stamens 

 indetinite, perig'V nous; styles distinct, often lateral ; 

 carpels 1-4, or many, usu;illy apocarpous; ovules 

 1-2 in each; fruit an acliene, drupe, pome, &c. ; 

 seeds mainly without albinnen. 



Order ^7. Saxifragaceae. — Herbaceous plants, 

 or shrubs (deciduous); no stipules; flowers regular, 

 epigynous or perigynous; sepals 4-5; petals 4-5 

 ornone; stamens 5 or 10, free, perigynous or hypo- 

 gynous; styles 2, free, diverging, persistent; ovary 

 superior or inferior; i-locular, with placentae 2, 

 parietal, or 2-locular with axile placenta;; fruit a 

 capsule, or berry; seeds many, with fleshy albumen. 



Order 28. Crassulaceae. — Herbaceous plants; 

 stem fleshy; leaves fleshy, tufted; no stipules; 

 flowers regular, slightly perigynous; sepals 4-12, 

 united below; petiils 4-12, sometimes united, in- 

 serted at base of calyx; stamens S-24, sometimes 

 epipetalous ; carpels 5, opposite the petals, free 

 as a rule, i-celled; fruit aggregate, follicle; seeds 

 with some albumen. 



Order 29. Droseraceae. — Herbaceous rosette- 

 plants; leaves insectivorous, glandular, with 

 circinate vernation; flowers regular; sepals 5, 

 overlapping; petals 5; stamens 5, hypogynous 

 or perigynous, free ; styles 3 or 5 ; ovary free, 

 syncarpous, 3-5 carpellary, i-locular; ovules many 

 on 2-5 parietal placenta;; fruit a capsule, 2-5- 

 valved with seeds on margin of valves; seeds 

 without an aril. 



Order 30. Haloragaces. — Aquatic plants, her- 

 baceous; no stipules; flowers unisexual, apetal- 

 ous; calyx adnate to ovary, limb minute; sepals 

 2-4 or none; stamens 8, 4, 2, or i; styles equal 

 to, or half as many as, cells; ovary inferior, i-car- 

 pellary, or sj'ncarpous and 4-locular; ovule i in 

 each loculus; fruit dr)', crowned with rim of calyx; 

 seeds pendulous, with fleshy albumen. 



Order 31. Lythraceae — Herbaceous plants; no 

 stipules; flowers regular; calj'x tubular; sepals 

 4-6, valvate in bud; petals 4-6, between sepals, 

 twisted in bud, falling; stamens 8-12, on tube of 

 calyx, below petals; style 1; ovary superior, syn- 

 carpous, free, 2-celled; fruit a membranous cap- 

 sule, 2-valved, 1 -celled; seeds many. 



Order 32. Epilobiaceae vgl Onagraceae. — Her- 

 baceous plants; leaves .ilternate or opposite, not 

 dotted; no stipules; flowers regular, epigynous; 

 calyx tubular; sepals 24, valvate in bud; petals 

 2-4, twisted in bud, at top of tube; stamens 24, 

 or 8, inserted with petals; style i; stigma capitate; 

 ovary inferior, syncarpous, 4-locular; placenta; 

 axile; fruit a c.ipsule. many-seeded. 



Order 33. Cucurbitacex. — Herbaceous succulent 

 tendril-climber; plant monoecious or direcious; no 

 stipules; calyx 5-partite, tube attached to ovary; 

 corolla 5-partite, bell-shaped, with netted veins; 

 stamens 3, cohering; anthers wavy; style short; 

 stigmas lobed ; ovary 3-5-celIed; placenta; parie- 

 tal; fruit a berry; seeds flat, in an aril. 



Order 34. Umbelliferae. — Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves much di\ided, sheathed below; flowers 

 regular, as a rule in a compound umbel ; calyx 

 5-partite, teeth very small, or absetit, adhering 

 to the ovary; petals 5, turned inwards; stamens 



5, inserted with petals; styles 2, disk fleshy; ovary 

 2-celled ; fruit a schizocarp, of 2 mericarps, adher- 

 ing by the commissure; seeds solitary, pendulous. 



Order 35. Araliaces v!^l Hederaceae.— Shrub, 

 evergreen, root-climber; leaves alternate; stipules 

 none; flowers regular, in simple umbels; sepals 5, 

 adnate to ovary; petals 5, or wanting, valvate in 

 bud; stamens 5, alternate with petals, inserted 

 below disk (epigynous); styles 5; ovary inferior, 

 5-locular; fruit a drupe, with 5 stones, succulent 

 or dry; seeds solitary, pendulous. 



Order 36. CornaceEe. — Herbaceous plants, or 

 shrubs; leaves opposite; stipules none; flowers 

 regular; sepals 4-5, adnate to ovary; petals 4-5 

 inserted on top of calyx-tube, valvate in bud ; 

 stamens 4; style slender; ovary 2-celled; fruit a 

 drupe, with 2 stones, crowned with remains of 

 calyx; seed solitary. 



Sub-Class H. — Gamopetal^ 

 (= Corolliflor.-'e). 



Perianth, of calyx and corolla, petals united, 

 stamens epipetalous. 



Order 37. Caprifoliaceae. — Shrubs (deciduous), 

 twiners, or herbaceous plants; leaves opposite; 

 stipules in some cases ; flowers regular or irregular; 

 calyx 4-5-fid, adnate to ovary; corolla 4-5-fid, 

 lobes twisted in bud ; stamens 4-5, epipetalous, 

 alternate with corolla-lobes; stigmas 1-3; ovary 

 1-5-locuIar, fruit fleshy, 1 or many-celled. 



Order 38. Rubiaceae. — Herbaceous plants; stem 

 square; leaves opposite, apparently in a whoi"l ; 

 stipules leafy; flowers regular; caly.K very small, 

 superior; corolla lobes 4-6; stamens 4-5, alternate 

 with corolla lobes; style i, 2-fid sometimes; ovary 

 I or 2-loculai'; fruit indehiscent. 



Order 39. Valerianaceae. — Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves opposite; stipules noiie ; flowers usually 

 irregular; calyx superior, rudimentar)', like pappus; 

 corolla 5-lobed, tubular, gibbous or spurred ; 

 stamens i or 3, epipetalous, free; ovary, with i 

 fertile cell; ovule solitary, pendulous; fruit dry. 



Order 40. Dipsacaceae. — Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves opposite; stipules none; flowers forming a 

 head, each floret with an epicalyx; calyx superior, 

 of 5 bristles surrounded by an outer caly.x; corolla 

 4-5-fid, lobes unequal ; stamens 4, epipetalous, 

 free; style i; stigma simple; ovary i-celled; ovule 

 pendulous; fruit ciowued with pappus-like calyx. 



Order 41. Com^osAcR (Asleraccis). — Herbaceous 

 plants, often forming rosettes; no stipules; in- 

 florescence forming a capitulum ; flowerheads sur- 

 roimded b}' involucre of bracts or phyllaries; calyx 

 superior, absent or hairy pappus; corolla ligulate 

 or tubular, former usually in ray, latter in disk, 

 or either may predominate; stamens 5; anthers 

 united in a cylinder; filaments free; ovary i-locu- 

 lar; ovule erect; fruit a cypsela, i-seeded. 



Order 42. Campanulaceae. — Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves alternate, cntirt;; no stipules; flowers re- 

 gular or irregular; cal)'x superior, entire, or 5-fid ; 

 corolla gamopetalous, inserted on calyx; 5-lobed; 

 stamens inserted with corolla, alternate with lobes; 

 anthers distinct or united, 2-celled, opening longi- 

 tudiuall}'; oviiry 2-5-locular; ovules numerous; 



