ANGIOSPERM^. 



105 



SrB-CLASS III.— ApKTAL/E 



Perianth in a single whorl, as a rule, corolla, 

 and Irequently calyx absent. Flowers in catkins, 

 or not; ovary superior or inferior; stigmas 2-3, or 

 single. 



Order 61. lUecebracex. — Herbaceous plants; 

 stems branched; leaves entire; stipules membran- 

 ous; flowers in cymes, bisexual; sepals 4-5, per- 

 sistent, enclosing fruit ; petals small or absent ; 

 stamens hypogynous or perigynous; ovary i-celled, 

 free; ovule 1. 



Order 62. Amarantaceae. — Herbaceous plants; 

 no stipules; flowers unisexual; perianth 3-5-partitc, 

 membranous; stamens 3-5, opposite pcri.inth 

 lobes, hypogynous; ovary i-celled, free; ovule i; 

 stigmas 3. 



Order 63. ChenopodiaceaE. — Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves alternate; no stipules or sheaths; flowers 

 l-2-sexual, with or without bracts, perianth 3-5- 

 partite, persistent ; stamens 5 or 3, opposite the 

 perianth lobes; anthers 2-celled ; ovary i-locular; 

 I ovule; stigmas 2; fruit a utricle enclosed in 

 perianth. 



Order 64. Polygonaceae. — Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves alternate, with sheathing membranous 

 stipules (ochrea;) ; flowers bisexual ; perianth 5-6- 

 partite, petaloid or not; persistent; stamens 5-8, 

 from base of perianth, opposite the perianth lobes; 

 ovary i -celled, free; styles 1-3; ovule i, erect; 

 fruit a hard nut. 



Order 65. Aristolochiaceae. — Herbaceous plants 

 or shrubs; leaves alternate; no stipules; flowers 

 bisexual, solitary or axillary-, regular or irregular; 

 perianth superior, 3-Iobed, bell-shaped or trumpet- 

 shaped; stamens 6-12, epigynous; ovary 6-locular; 

 .styles 6; ovules many; Iruit a capsule or berry. 



Order 66. Thymelaeaceae. — Shrubs, evergreen, 

 or deciduous; leaves alternate, entire; without 

 stipules; flowers bisexual; perianth inferior, tubu- 

 lar, petaloid, 4-5-fid ; stamens 8, in 2 series; 

 anthers 2-celled; ovary 1-2-celled, free; ovules 

 1-3, pendulous; fruit a drupe or berry. 



Order 67. ElEcagnaceae. — Shrub, deciduous, 

 spinous; plant dioecious; leaves alternate; male 

 flowers in axillary clusters; perianth 2-lobed; 

 stamens 4: female flowers solitary, perianth tubu- 

 lar, style short; stigma long; nut i-seeded, en- 

 closed in calj'X-tube. 



Order 68. Loranthaceae. — Shrub, evergreen, 

 parasitic; stem jointed; leaves opposite, without 

 stipules; plant dioecious; flowers small, green; 

 perianth superior, 4-partite; stamens 4, adnate 

 to perianth lobes; anthers sessile; stigma sessile; 

 ovary i-lociilar; fruit a berry, i-seeded. 



Order 6c). — Santalacex. — Herbaceous plants, 

 hemiparasitic on roots; leaves alternate; no 

 .stipules; flowers bisexual ; solitary, or in cymes or 

 racemes; perianth 5-lobed, persistent, with tuft 

 of hairs on face of lobes, adnate to ovary; stamens 

 5; filaments short; ovary i-celled; style short; 

 stigmas 1-5; ovules 2-5, placenta central; fruit 

 I-celled, i-seedcd. 



Order 70. Euphorbiaceae. — Herbaceous plants 

 or shrubs, with or without milky latex; leaves 



alternate ; stipules present sometimes ; flowers 

 1-2 sexual; perianth lobed or not; male flowers 

 with 1 or more stamens; anthers 2-ceIled; female 

 flowers with superior _'-3-lobed, 2-3-celled ovary ; 

 stigma simple or compound. Capsule 2-3-cellcd, 

 opening b}' elastic mechanism ; 1-2 seeds in each 

 cell. 



Order7i. UlmacesE. — Trees, deciduous; leaves 

 alternate; stipules soon falling; flowers 2-sexual, 

 not in calkins ; perianth inferior, 4-8 cleft, bell- 

 shaped ; stamens 4-8 on perianth and opposite 

 lobes; ovary 1-2-celled; ovules solitary ; styles 2; 

 fVuit a samara. 



Order 72. Urticaceae. (Plants monoecious or 

 dioeciousasarule.) — Herbaceous plants, some twin- 

 ing; leaves opposite or alternate, often with sting- 

 ing hairs; stipules present; flowers i-sexual, male 

 inflorescence in ii panicle, female inflorescence in 

 catkins; perianth inferior, 4-5 partite; stamens 4-5; 

 inflexed in bud; on perianth; ovary i -celled, free; 

 ovules solitary; fruit an acliene. 



Order 73. Myricaceae. (Plant dicecious or 

 monoecious.) — ShiHib, deciduous, aromatic; leaves 

 alternate; no stipules; flowers in axilL'iry calkins; 

 bracts overlappitig; stamens 6-8, ovary i -celled; 

 styles 2; fruit a drupe, with waxy coat. 



Order 74. Amentaceae {Cupuliferie). — Trees or 

 shrubs, deciduous; leaves alternate ; with stipules; 

 plants moncecious; bracts forming a 3-5-lobed 

 scale; male flowers in spikes; stamens 2-20; 

 anthers 2-ceIled ; female flowers with calyx adnate 

 to ovary, or absent; ovary inferior, 2-3-locuIar, 

 ovules 2-6; fruit a nut, winged or not, free or 

 enclosed in cupule. 



Order 75. Salicaceae. — Tree or shrubs, decidu- 

 ous; leaves altenuile; with stipules; plants dioe- 

 cious or monoecious; flowers in catkins, before 

 leaves; bracts simple; no perianth; stamens i or 

 2 or more; ovary i-celled, superior; ovules many; 

 IJlacentcE parietal; styles 2; stigmas 2; fruit a 

 capsule, 2-valved; seeds man\', with tuft of hairs. 



Order 76. Empetraceae. — Shrub, heath-like, 

 leaves alternate; no stipules; flowers regular, 

 bisexual or plant dioecious; perianth of 6 scales, 

 h\pogynous; stamens 3-4; anthers 2-celled; 

 pollen compound; ovary 3-9-celled; i ovule in each 

 cell ; fruit a drupe. 



Order 77. Ceratophyllaceae. — Ar|uatic plants, 

 submerged; leaves in whorls, multifid; spinose ; 

 no stipules; plants monoecious; flowers axillary; 

 perianth or involucre 8-t2 partite; stamens 6-12; 

 ovary i-celled; ovule i, pendulous. 



CL.ASS II. — MONOCOTYLEDONS 



Cotyledon 1 (if more, alternate); leaves parallel 

 veined; usually alternate, sheathing; parts of flower 

 in 3's or 6's or 9's, &c., rarely in fours; wood in 

 scattered bundles, not in rings; no medullary rays. 



Slb-ci-ASS I. — Pbtaloide^ 

 Orders 78-84, 88-90. 



Flowers usually bisexual, perianth in 2 rows, 

 inner or both petaloid, hypogynous; ovary inferior 

 or superior. 



