THE GENERA OF BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS 213 



Order 40. DiPSACE.T, 



202. Dipsacus. — Calyx-limb cup-shaped, entire; 

 floral bracts spinose, exserted, coveriiig^ the head; 

 corolla 4-5-rid; stamens 4; fruit crowned with 

 pappose cals'x. 



203. Scabiosa (including- Kiiuiitia). — Floral 

 bracts concealed, scale-like or o; calyx limb 4 15 

 bristles. 



Order 41. Composite (Aslcmcece) 



204. Eupatoriura. — Flowerheads reddish-purple; 

 florets lew, all tubular, Cunnclshaped, bisexual ; 

 phyllarics overlapping', oblong; anthers included; 

 style arms exserted ; receptacle naked. 



205. Solidago. — Klowerheads with ray; florets 

 all yellow; involucral bracts overlapping; anthers 

 simple; pappus in i row, rigid; fruit round in 

 section. 



206. Bellis. — Receptacle conical, naked; scape 

 i-flowered; involucral bracts in 2 rows, equal, 

 blunt; achcne flattened ; pappus o. 



207. Aster. — Ray florets in i row, fem.ile, ligu- 

 late ; disk florets tubular, perfect ; receptacle 

 naked, pitted; phyllaries overlapping; pappus 

 rigid, in many rows. 



208. Erigeron. — Like 207, but ray florets in 

 several rows. 



209. Filago. — Receptacle conical ; marginal 

 scales few ; flowerheads bisexual ; outer florets 

 female, in several rows, outermost with a few 

 inner ph\'llaries; disk florets tubular, few. 



210. Antetinaria. — Plant dicecious as a rule; 

 receptacle flat, naked; male florets tubular; pap- 

 pus club-shaped; female florets slender; phyllaries 

 with coloured tip. 



211. Gnaphalium. — Flowerheads bisexual, tubu- 

 lar; receptacle, flat, naked ; involucre hemis[>heri- 

 cal, with overlapping phyllaries. 



212. Inula. — Ray florets female, ligulate ; disk 

 florets tubular, bisexual; receptacle naked; in- 

 volucral bracts overlapping; anthers bristly below; 

 pappus simple, hair-like, rough. 



213. Pulicaria. — Phyllaries in few rows, loosely 

 overlapping; anthers bristly below; pappus in 2 

 rows, with another row of short scales, rough. 



214. Xanthium. — Plant monoecious; male florets: 

 with involucre of 1 row of free phyllaries ; recep- 

 tacle scaly; corolla funnel-shaped; anthers free; 

 female florets: 2, in beaked involucre, with hooked 

 spines; corolla and stamens o; fruit flattened. 



215. Bidens. — Leaves opposite; flowerheads 

 sometimes rayed; disk florets bisexual, tubular: 

 receptacle flat ; phyllaries in 2 rows ; pappus of 

 2-5 barbed bristles. 



216. Galinsoga. — Receptacle conical, scaly; ray 

 florets in i row, female, ligulate; disk florets 

 tubular, perfect; phyllaries 4-5, ciliate, in i row; 

 pappus of broad ciliate scales, 



217. Achillea. — Receptacle conical, scaly; ray 

 florets female, ligulate, short; ligule broad, short; 

 disk florets tubular, perfect; phyllariesoverlapping; 

 fruit flattened, winged ; pappus o. 



218. Diotis. — Receptacle scaly; flowerhe.ads 

 discoidal, all tubular, perfect; tubeauricled below; 



compressed; fruit crowned with auricled tulie; 

 pappus o. 



219. Anthemis. — Receptacle conical, scaly; ray 

 florets female or neuter, ligulate, in i row; disk 

 florets tubular, perfect; ligule oblong; fruit round 

 in section; pappus o. 



220. Chrysanthemum. — Recept.icle flat or con- 

 vex, naked : pln-IUiries with membranous margins; 

 fruit of disk florets not winged, ot ra}' florets 

 slightly winged ; pappus o. 



221. Matricaria. — Receptacle convex or at 

 length conical, lengthening, naked ; phyllaries 

 without membranous margins; fruit angular; 

 pappus o. 



112. Cotula. — Plant succulent ; leaves clasping; 

 flowerheads solitary, discoidal, yellow. 



223. Tanacetum. — Receptacle broad, not scaly; 

 phyllaries overlapping, numerous, in many series; 

 involucre hemispherical; fruit angular. 



224. Artemisia. — Receptacle narrow, not scaly; 

 phyllaries in few rows; fruit obo\'ate, with e[>i- 

 gynous disk ; involucre roimdish. 



225. Tussilago. — Flowerheads solitary on 

 scapes, with many florets; ray-florets ligulate, 

 female, in many rows; disk florets tubular, male; 

 phyllaries in.i row, with membranous margins. 



226. Petasites. — Plant sub-dioecious ; flower- 

 heads in raceme, numerous, pink ; outer florets 

 tubular; female florets slender, blunt, or shortly 

 ligulate, in many rows (in male flowerheads in 

 I row); male florets tubular, few and central in 

 female flowerheads, forming entire disk in male 

 flowerheads. 



227. Doronicum. — Phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, 

 equal; involucre hemispherical; ray florets in I 

 row, ligulate, female; disk florets tubular, perfect; 

 no pappus in ray florets; pitppus rigid. 



228. Senecio. — Ray florets in i row, ligulate, 

 female, or o; disk florets tubular, perfect; phyl- 

 laries in I row, equal, with membranous edges; 

 style arms of disk florets free; pappus silky. 



229. Carlina. — Outer phyllaries spinose, inner 

 coloured, spreading; florets all perfect; receptacle 

 scaly; pappus \u i row, feathery. 



230. Arctium. — Phyllaries with hooked points; 

 involucre globose; receptacle flat, scaly; anther 

 cells tailed; pappus short, hair-like. 



231. Carduus. — Phyllaries all spinous; recep- 

 tacle scaly; filaments U-&Q] fruit not angled; 

 pap[)us united below in a ring, deciduous, rough, 

 simple. 



232. Cirsium (C'liciis). — Phyllaries all spinous; 

 filaments free; fruit flat, not angled; pappus 

 feathery. 



233. Onopordon. — Phyllaries all spinous; re- 

 ceptacle honeycombed; filaments free; fruit 

 4-angled or ribbed, wrinkled; pappus rough. 



234. Silybum (Mnn'aua). — Phyllaries leafy be- 

 low, with spinous points; filaments united below; 

 fruit rotuid in section, wrinkled; pappus hair-like 

 or scaly. 



235. Saussurea. — Flowers all bisexual; phyl- 

 laries not spinose; anthers bristly below; pappus 

 longer than fruit. 



236. Serratula. — Phyllaries unarmed, sharp; 



