230 



GLOSSARY 



Catkin, a spike of (lowers of one sex only, with 



bracts in place of perianths. 

 Caulescent, with an erect stem. 

 Cauline, arisinjj from the stem. 

 Centrifugal, g-rowinj^ outwards from the middle. 

 Centripetal, growinjj- inwards towards the centre. 

 Channelled, hollowed out in the centre or middle 



line. 

 Chasmochomophyte, Chasmophyte, plants that 



grow In crivlces on bare rock, with a little 



detritus only. 

 Chersophytes, plant formations on waste land. 

 Chlorophyll, the green colouring-matter in plants 



which enables them to assimilate carbon by aid 



of the sun. 

 Choraophytes, plants growing on rock on which 



detrital matter is present as a subsoil, on the 



surface or in crevices. 

 Ciliate, with a fringe of hairs. 

 Clavate, club-shaped. 



Claw, the attenuate base or stalk of a petal. 

 Cleft, divided, but not so far as the midrib. 

 Cleistogamic, flowers that do not open and are 



self-pollinated. 

 Coherent, imitcd together. 

 Column, when the stamens and style fuse to form 



one structure, as in Orchids. 

 Commensal, when a species shares, with another, 



food material, e.g. parasites, sjiprophytes. 

 Communities, the different members which to- 

 gether make up a coherent whole, possessing 



at the same time a general unity of character, 



as Heath-plants. 

 Compound, made up of a number of parts which 



are similar, as opposed to simple. 

 Compressed, flattened laterally. 

 Connate, tmited around the stem. 

 Connective, a process connecting the cells of the 



anthers with the filament. 

 Connivent, uniting together. 

 Cordate, heart-shaped. 

 Coriaceous, leathery in texture. 

 Corm, a fleshy, solid, bulb-like base of a stem. 

 Corolla, a whorl within the cal}'x, enclosing the 



stamens and stigma, made up of petals. 

 Cortex, the ground tissue enclosing the va.scular 



tissue in a stem. 

 Corymb, a raceme in which the upper pedimcles 



are shortened to tbrm a flat-topped inflorescence. 

 Cosmopolitan, plants having a universal distribu- 

 tion. 

 Cotyledon, the seed-leaves, single in monocotyle- 

 dons, double or paired in dicotj'ledons. 

 Crateriform, cup-shaped. 

 Crenate, with rounded teeth, scalloped. 

 Crenulate, with small rounded teeth. 

 Cross-fertilization, when pollen from the anthers 



of one flower is carried to the stigma of another, 



fertilization following. 

 Cross-pollination, the transfer of pollen from one 



flower to another. 

 Cruciform, arranged like a cross in opposite 



p:uvs. 

 Culm, the jointed hollow stems of Grasses, &c. 

 Cuneate, wedge-shaped. 



Cupule, the bract-like cup enclosing a nut, e.g. 



an acorn. 

 Cyme, a centrifugal inflorescence; the terminal 



flower is overtopped by lateral branches. 



Deciduous, of leaves, falling ofl", not evergreen, 



or of flowers when petals drop. 

 Decumbent, prostrate, but ascending at the ex- 



ti-emitv. 

 Decurrent, when the blade of a leaf runs down 



the stem below the point o( attachment. 

 Decussate, when opposite pairs of leaves are 



idternateh' at right angles. 

 Deflexed, turned down or backwards. 

 Dehiscence, the manner in which a fruit splits up 



or opens. 

 Denizen, apparently native, but likely to have 



been introduced by hum^m agency. 

 Dentate, toothed, the teeth short, triangular. 

 Denticulate, finely toothed. 

 Depressed, flattened above. 

 Dichogamy, when anthers and stigma mature at 



different times. 

 Diffuse, widely branching. 

 Digitate, finger-like. 

 Dioecious, unisexual, the sexes on different plants, 



as in Willows. 

 Disk, (i) the central part of a capitulum; (2) the 



flattened part of the receptacle, bearing corolla, 



stamens, and carpels, e.g. in Acer. 

 Dissepiment, septum in an ovary. 

 Distichous, in two opposite rows. 

 Divaricate, spreading at an obtuse angle. 

 Divergence, the angle between the insertion of 



successive leaves on the stem. 

 Divided, deeply cut. 

 Dominant, a species forming the strongest feature 



in a botanical as.sociation. 

 Drupe, i-celled succulent fruit with a hard stone 



which encloses a seed or kernel. 

 Duct, a tube formed b)' fusion or division of cells, 



a canal made of cells without division. 



Ecology, the study of plants in their natural habi- 

 tats, their association, and reUition to the en- 

 vironment. 



Emarginate, with a notch at the extremity. 



Embryo, the young' plant enclosed in the seed. 



Embryo-sac, the large cell containing the ovum, 

 and the embryo in the ovule. 



Endemic, confined to a certain district or station. 



Endophytic, living within the tissue of another 

 plant. 



Entire, untoothed. 



Entomophilous, pollinated by insect agency. 



Ephemeral, flowers th.-it open for a few hours, or 

 plants that produce several generations in one 

 season. 



Epigeal, growing above ground. 



Epigynous, seated on the ovar\'. 



Epiphytes, jilants that grow on others but do not 

 drawnourishment fromthem; i.e. notas parasites. 



Equitant, folded around. 



Ericetal, growing on heaths. 



Exserted, pi'ojecting beyond a corolla. 



