GLOSSARY 



231 



Extrorse, when anthers open outwards, away 

 Iroin the centre. 



Falcate, sickle-shaped. 



Fasciation, when several stems are abnormally 

 fused together. 



Fasciculate, clustered in bundles. 



Fastigiate, with parallel ascending branches. 



Felted, covered with a soft felt. 



Fertilization, fusion of the male sjamete with the 

 egg-cell; in .Angiosperms follows on pollination, 

 and is carried out by the agency of the pollen- 

 tube. 



Filament, the stalk of an anther. 



Filiform, thread-like. 



Fimbriate, with a fringe of fine teeth. 



Fistular, liollow. 



Flaccid, weak, limp. 



Flexuose, wavy. 



Flora, the aggregate constituent plants of a par- 

 ticular region. 



Floret, a small flower borne in clusters or singly. 



Flower, all the modified leaf-like processes which 

 together combine to cause the reproduction of 

 the plant, by the production of seeds from spores 

 (or pollen-grains and embryo-sacs). 



Flowering glume, the outer scale of a flower in 

 Grasses, usually bearing an awn. 



Follicle, a one-celled carpel, opening only down 

 the ventral suture, and containing numerous 

 small seeds. 



Fruit, the seed-vessel, with seeds, and protective 

 envelopes. 



Fruticose, shrubby. 



Fusiform, spindle-shaped. 



Galeate, helmet-shaped. 



Gall, an excrescence caused on stems and leaves, 

 &c. , by the laying of an insect's egg within the 

 tissue, causing irritation, and producing in each 

 species a characteristic growth, rendering it 

 possible to indicate the gall insect from the gall 

 formed. 



Geotropism, a growth -curvature induced by 

 gravity. 



Germination, the growth of an embryo into a seed- 

 ling. 



Gibbous, swollen at one part or another. 



Glabrous, smooth. 



Glandular, bearing glands or slender wart-like 

 outgrowths from the surface. 



Glaucous, bluish green. 



Glumes, bracts or scales enclosing the spikelets in 

 Grasses. 



Growth-form, the result of the adapt.ition of 

 plants to their external conditions which pro- 

 duces a certain habit. 



Habit, the general external form of a [)lant in out- 

 line. 



Habitat, the natural haunt of each plant. 



Halophilous, addicted to a saline soil. 



Halophytes, plants that are confined, more or less, 

 to maritime conditions, and are used to .saline 

 soil. 



Hastate, spear-shaped below. 

 Haulm, the stem in Grasses. 

 Helophilous, addicted to a marshy habitat. 

 Herbaceous, green, succulent, without wood. 

 Herbal, tlu- old descriptive Botany, usually re- 



stricletl to curious medicin.'d remetlies. 

 Herbarium, a collection of dried plants, or the 



place in which they are kept, or an illustrated 



herbal. Formerly called Itorlus siccus. 

 Hermaphrodite, when both stamens and carpels 



are present on the same' plant. 

 Heterogamous, bearing two difVereEit kinds of 



flowers of tlitVerent sexes. 

 Heterophyllous, bearing diffeieni types of leaves. 

 Heterostyled, with styles of dill'erent length in 



diflercnt flowers. 

 Heterotrophic plants, saprophytes ami parasites. 

 High-moor, opposed to low-moor, a sphagnum- 



nioor. 

 Hirsute, with stifiish hairs. 

 Hispid, another term for hirsute. 

 Humus, vegetable mould, made up of decaying 



,'mimal and vegetable matter. 

 Hybrid, the result of crossing two different species, 



usually allied. 

 Hydrochorous, dispersed by water — of the seed. 

 Hydrophytes, another term for aquatic plants. 

 Hygrophilous, loving moisture, but not necessarily 



truly aquatic. 

 Hypogeal, underground. 

 Hypogynous, not adherent to the calyx, growing 



from below' the base of the o\'ar}'. 



Imbricate, overlapping like the tiles of a roof 



{imbrex^ Latin, roof-tile). 

 Incised, deeply cut, with irregular sharp teeth. 

 Incurved, curved inwards. 

 Indehiscent, of fruits not opening. 

 Inferior, when the ovary adheres to the calyx, as 



in e[)igynous flowers. 

 Inflexed, bent inwards. 

 Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped. 

 Insectivorous plants, those which attract, trap, 



and tligest insects. 

 Internode, the interval between the nodes. 

 Introrse, when the anther dehisces towards the 



centre. 

 Involucel, the involucre of a secondary umbel. 

 Involucre, the whorl of bracts at the base of an 



innbel or head. 

 Involute, rolled from the back inwards. 



Keel, the two lower petals in a Leguminous 



flower. 

 Knot, the node of a Grass stem. 



Labellum, the lip or terminal segment in Orchids. 

 Laciniate, fringed with narrow segments. 

 Lacustral, addicted to 'a lake situation. 

 Lanceolate, lance-shaped, tapering towards the 



point. 

 Lax, loose. 



Leaf-axil, angle between leaf and stern. 

 Lenticular, lens-shaped. 

 Legume, a pod, one-celled, two-valved, seeds ar- 



