GLOSSARY 



133 



PoUardinff, the removal of the crown of ;i tree 



causing branches to sprout out. 

 Pollen, the cells (microspores) contained in the 



anther. 

 Pollen-grain, a grain of pollen or microspore. 

 Pollen-sac, the sporang^lum containing the micro- 



spori's. 

 Pollen-tube, the outgrowth of the pollen -grain 



whii-h helps to fertilize the pl.int. 

 Polliniura, a mass of pollen-grains adhering to- 



gi-lher. 

 Polycarpic, seeding more than once. 

 Polypetalous, with separate petals. 

 Polysepalous, with several sepals not coherent. 

 Pome, a fleshy false fruit with man)- seeds. 

 Porous, when the anthers dehisce by holes. 

 Prickle, a hard, sharp epidermal process not 



woody. 

 Procumbent, prostrate, Iving on the groiuid. 

 Prostrate, tlat on the ground. 

 Proterandrous (Protandrous), when the anthers 



ripen and dehisce before the stigma. 

 Proterogynous (Protogynous), when the stigma 



is ripe before the anthers dehisce. 

 Psammophilous, addicted to a sand-soil. 

 Pubescent, with down closely pressed to the sur- 

 face. 

 Pulverulent, powdery. 

 Pyriform, pear-shaped. 



Raceme, a simple centripetal inllorescence with 



stalked flowers. 

 Rachis, the axis of a compound leaf or the central 



stem of several spikelets in a Grass. 

 Radical, springing from the crown of the root as 



leaves. 

 Ray, the outer circle of florets in a composite. 

 Receptacle, (i) the terminal part of the floral axis; 



(2) the flat, short axis ot a flow-erhead in Com- 

 posites. 

 Recurved, bent back. 

 Reflexed, bent back (markedly so). 

 Reniform, kidney-shaped. 

 Revolute, rolled back. 

 Rhizome, an underground stem, with roots and 



leafy shoots. 

 Ringent, gaping, of a corolla. 

 Rock formations, diflferent geological forma- 

 tions. 

 Rock-soil formations, which contribute to chai- 



acterize the din"erent rock-soils that make up a 



subsoil. 

 Rootstock, a thick, short root like a rhizome. 

 Rosette plants, plants that have short internodes 



and close-set leaves, as the Daisy. 

 Rostellum, the top of the pistil, in Orchids forming 



a beak or division between stamen and stigma. 

 Rotate, wheel-shaped, with short tvibe. 

 Rubble plants, developing on soil derived by the 



disintegration of rock by atmospheric agency, 



e.g. the chalk. 

 Runcinate, with the leaf segments turned back. 

 Runner, a prostrate stem rooting at intervals or 



at the end. 

 Rupestral, growing on rocks. 



Sagittate, with segments like the barb ol' an 



arrow. 

 Samara, an indehiscent winged fruit; as the key 



of an .Ash. 

 Saprophyte, growing on dead or decaying animal 



or vegetable matter. 

 Saxicolous, growing on stones, walls, &c. 

 Scabrous, rough. 

 Scape, a peduncle which is without leaves and 



radical. 

 Scarious, tliin, dry, senii-lransparenl, or not green. 

 Schizocarp, a fruit splitting up into several one- 



scedetl divisions. 

 Sclerophyllous, term applied to xerophytic bush- 

 land. 

 Scorpioid, when a cyme is curved like a erozier. 

 Scrub, a formation of stunted growlh. 

 Secund, turned to one side. 

 Seed, the fertilized and ripened ovule. 

 Seedling, the embryo after germination. 

 Sepal, a division of the calyx. 

 Serrate, with segments like the teeth of a saw. 

 Sessile, without stalk or pedicel. 

 Setaceous, bristle-like. 



Shade-plants, plants that dislike loo much light. 

 Shoot, the portions of a plant diflcrentiated into 



stem and leaves, &c. 

 Silicule, a short pod in Crucifers. 

 Siliqua, a long pod in Crucifei'ce. 

 Sinuose, undulating. 

 Sling-fruit, one which, owing to the eontraition 



of certain tissues, hurls the seeds when mature 



from the fruit. 

 Sobole, a thin underground creeping stem with 



roots and buds at intervals. 

 Spadix, a succulent fleshy spike with close sessile 



flowers. 

 Spathe, a large bract enclosing a spadix. 

 Spathulate, spoon-shaped. 

 Species, individuals possessing in common several 



characters suggesting a derivation from a com- 

 mon ancestor. 

 Spike, a simple elongate axis bearing sessile 



flowers. 

 Spikelet, the few flowers enclosed by glumes in 



Grasses. 

 Spine, a sharp woody process or thorn. 

 Spur, a hollow expansion of the basal part of a 



sepal or petal, connected with the nectary. 

 Stamen, the male part of the flower, consisting 



of filament and anther. 

 Staminode, a sterile stamen. 

 Standard, the upper (posterior) petal in Legumi- 



nosse. 

 Stigma, the pollen-receiving part of the pistil. 

 Stipule, leaf-like appenckiges at the base of the 



petioles, usually paired. 

 Stole, a loose procumbent stem, with buds that 



root at intervals. 

 Stoma, .a ventilating pore in the epidermis, with 



surrounding guard-cells. 

 Style, the prolonged end of the ovary, bearing the 



stigni.'i. 

 Sub-dominant, forming a less-marked feature of a 



botanical association or formation. 



