174 THE FLORA OF SINGAPORE. 
(Arerga saccharifera Lalill. ‘Kabong,”’ Sugar palm, is com- 
monly cultivated. ) 
Caryota mitis Lour.  ‘'Tukus.” Common in woods, Grange Road, 
Bukit Timah. 
Orania macrocladus Mart. “ Ebol.” A noble palm about 40 feet 
tall. Rare in Singapore. Some trees at Chan Chu Kang. 
More abundant in Pulau Ubin. 
Nipa fruticans Wurmb, ‘ Nipah.” Common in tidal mud, all 
round Singapore. I have found fruits of this in the 
swampy ground of the Botanic Gardens near Cluny road, 
showing that the Bukit Timah stream was formerly tidal 
and salt as far inland as this. 
Phenix sp. A few plants of a wild date occur scattered about 
round Singapore, at ‘loas and elsewhere, but I have never 
been able to get fruits or flowers. 
Licuala ferruginea Becc. “ Palas.” A stem-less palm with 
orange colored flowers and pink fruits. Common in jun- 
gle, Garden jungle, Bukit Timah, Chan Chu Kang. 
L. triphylla Griff. A very pretty dwarf species, local, thick 
woods, Changi. 
L. spinosa Wurmb, Woods, Pulau Ubin. 
LL. acutifida Mart. ‘Singapore Lobb”; evidently an error for 
Penang. 
Liristona NKingiana Becc. A tall palm about 40 feet or more with 
large fan shaped leaves. Dense woods, Choa Chu Kang, 
Toas, Kranji. 
Calumus. The Rotans so extensively exported from Singapore 
belong to the genera Calamus, Demonorops, Northalsia, 
Ceratololus and Myrialepis. They inhabit dense forests 
climbing to the tops of trees by the aid of their thorny 
flagella or whips. These flagella are used to protect 
fruit-trees from bats, the natives attaching them to the 
branches and bunches of fruits in such a way that the bats 
tear their wings when they fly to the tree. 
