HARSHBERGER: AMERICAN HEATHS AND PINE HEATHS 185 



pervious soil, although similarly fire-swept in later years, has been 

 preserved as a pine forest, or pine-heath (Kiefern-heide). Remove 

 the pines and the conditions as they exist in the Coremal of Nantucket 

 are duplicated. The New Jersey pine-barrens with the removal of 

 the pines represent such an oak-heath as we have described for the 

 islands of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket and of similar physiog- 

 nomy with such oaks as the bear oak {Quercus nana) and dwarf chest- 

 nut oak {Quercus prinoides) forming the main ground cover. 



Similarly, as in Germany, the pine trees in the Long Island and 

 New Jersey regions have become dominant and the heath plants in 



Fig. 8. Rounded clumps of pine-barren heather {Iludsonia ericoides) in full 

 flower growing one mile south of Shamong, N. J. May 27, 1916. 



the form of the bearberry {Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), sand myrtle 

 (Dendriiim huxifoUum), huckleberry {Gaylussacia resinosa), laurel 

 {Kalmia latifolia), and the oaks become subordinate to the pines and 

 form the characteristic undergrowth of the pine forest (Figs. 7 and 8). 

 Graebner distinguished several types of heath woodland, as follows: 

 I. Type. Pine-heath. 



Facies a. Pine-heath with dominance of Junipenis com- 



munis. 



Facies b. 



*Facies c. 



ursi. 



Pine-heath with dominance of Ruhus species. 

 Pine-heath with dominance of Arctostaphylos uva- 



