ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI— ASPERGILLUS 



261 



Dr. Craig, of the same state, reports somewhat similar experience. 



Captain F. Smith, in his manual of Veterinary Hygiene, refers to the in- 

 juries from moulds, especially Penicillium and Aspergillus, calling attention 

 to the brittleness of hay caused by fungi, and that the spores produce irritation 

 to the respiratory passages. He states further that oats and bran have pro- 

 duced diabetes, paralysis, and subsequent death in horses. He refers to the 

 case mentioned by Professor Varnell in which the horse died in three days 

 from eating moldy oats. Professor Gamgee calls attention to the disease in 

 France and Scotland in the years 1854 and 1856, due to horses feeding on grass 

 which had become wet and musty. The animals suffered cerebral derangement, 

 producing stomach staggers, so-called by English writers. 



Aspergillus Orysae. Ahlburg 



Rabbits inoculated showed convulsive symptoms ; tubular foci occurred in 

 the intestines. The Aspergillus Oryzae forms maltose and diastase and in 

 Eastern Asia plays an important part in the manufacture of "sake" or rice 

 beer, which has been a national drink of the Chinese for centuries. 



Aspergillus malignum. (Lindt.) 



Mycelium bluish gray, conidiophores short, the end pear-shaped, 22-24 m 

 wide; sterigmata branching, conidia in chains 3-4 M in diameter; perithecia 

 40-60 fi, ascospores 6-8. 



Distribution. Found in Europe. 



Pathogenic properties. Grows best at the higher temperatures. Found by 

 Lindt in the human ear. 



Fig. 88b. Pale Mould (Aspergillus 

 flavus). Showing conidiophore and 

 spores attached in chains. After Sie- 

 benniann. 



Fig. 88. Aspergillus Oryzae on rice. 



1. Conidiophore, sterigmata and conidia 



2. Young conidiophore. Modified by 

 Charlotte M. King after drawing by 

 Wehmer. 



