After the mouth-cavity comes the pharynx, a long rather straight tube. The ventral 

 wall has a fold c (fig. 126). The pharyn.x is entirely surrounded by strong circular muscles, 

 amongst which however muscular fibres diverge in different directions ; / and / are similarly 

 encircled by muscles. In transverse sections the pharynx is cross-shaped (fig. 127). 1 )istally the 

 pharynx narrows and is continuous with the proximal coecum </; at the ventral wall the fold / is 

 found, full of connective tissue and muscular fibres. Fold / carries two other smaller folds g, 

 which in fig. 130 are no longer in connection with J\ whilst / is loose from the phar)ngeal wall. 



In order to establish the resemblance to Neomenia, compare fig. 123 with \Viri-!x's fig. i, 

 taf IV, (6''). There are some points of resemblance e. g. the mouth-cavity with the cirrhi. and 

 the proximal coecum {d - Sh). The proboscis of Neomenia carinata may be present here in 

 folds / and /, but both _Srhlundleisten" (S L) are looked for in vain. Neomenia micro.solen 

 otters points of affinil\- ; Neomenia Ualyelli, in which the „.Schlundleisten" and proboscis are 

 absent, offers even more. Thiele's description of Neomenia grandis is not quite clear-, there is 

 probabl)- more resemblance between Neomenia grandis and carinata than between Neomenia 

 o-randis and Hemimenia. We cannot however be too cautious in making comparisons, the state 

 of contraction of the pharynx being of much importance. This is confirmed by the second 

 specimen, the pharynx of which is quite straight, wide at first but very narrow further on ; 

 the folds 6 and c are absent; / is present but very small. In this specimen numerous glandular 

 cells are met with around the |>harynx and among the- ])har\ngeal muscles; pear-shaped cells 

 arranged in groups and opening into the pharynx. In the first specimen nothing of all this is 

 perceptible. For Neomenia grandis Tiiiele has figured similar glands but much less developed. 



The intestine is large and broad and provided with regular coeca. In the anterior part 

 it is exclusively constituted of ciliated epithelium ; more distally cilia are only to be indicated at 

 the dorsal wall. The intestine is entirely surrounded by a thin muscular layer. The animal feeds 

 on sponge ; in one of the specimens the alimentary canal is filled with rests of food, amongst 

 which there are numerous sponge-spicula. The short strongly ciliated rectum has a folded wall. 



Figs. 131 — 139 show the structure of the cloaca. In fig. 131 the cloaca is open ventrally; 

 in fig. 132 the ventral walls are slightly closed, which' is more obvious still in fig. 133. In 

 fig. 1 34 the cloaca is closed ventrally and divides into two, the closing lips having united 

 dorsally from the penis-spicula. In that way 2 cavities are formed ; the large dorsal one a 

 and the smaller ventral one />. The cavity a is clothed b\- cubical ciliated epithelium and leads 

 into the rectum (fig. 134). big. 134 represents the 2 cavities c uniting more proximally into 

 one large cavity (fig. 135). The latter is an opening in the connective tissue surrounding the 

 organs, without an)- proper wall, rendering it jjossible for the precloacal organ to be movable. 

 Blood-corpuscles arc not contained in it. In fig. 137 it is .seen that the precloacal organ opens 

 out into cavity 6, and therefore into the cloaca. From a comparison with Neomenia carinata 

 it is evident that the "X'orhof" of Wirex is here a very narrow tube, provided with strong 

 muscles, and built up of strongly ciliated epithelium {d). This difterence is of special importance, 

 a copulation-organ being absent here. Hence there is some resemblance to Neomenia Dalyelli. 

 The ventral part of the cloaca 6 does not carry gill-lamellae. 



In the dorsal cloacal portion the gill-lamellae are found. Their number is about 20, a 



