462 XL. RHAMNEiE. [ZtzyphllS. 



fascicled or cymose. Calyx 5-fid keeled inside, tube obconic. 

 Petals 5 cucullate. Disc 5- to lo-lobed, edge free. Stamens 5 ; 

 ovary sunk in disc and confluent at base 2- to 4-celled; styles 2 

 to 4. Fruit a drupe ; stone i- to 4-celled, i- to 4-seeded. Species 60, 

 temperate regions of both worlds, tropical Asia and America. 



Z. Jujuha Lam., the Jujube, Bidara of the Malays, a small tree 

 with the leaves buff tomentose beneath, occurs in gardens chiefly 

 in Malacca ; it seldom fruits elsewhere. 



Leaves pubescent beneath. 



Spiny bush; leaves i"5 to 2 in. long; fruit 



glabrous (i) Z. oenoplia 



Climbers. 



Leaves oblong thickly pubescent 5 by 2 '5 in. 



long; fruit red-woolly I in. long . . (2) Z. Kunstleri 



Leaves ovate cuspidate pubescent on nerves 

 only, 2-5 by i in. long; fruit glabrous, 



small (3) Z. elegans 



Leaves hairy above, -5 in. long, ovate acuminate . (4) Z. pernettyoides 

 Leaves quite glabrous. 



Leaves ovate acuminate 2 in. long; cymes 



axillary (d) Z. Horsfieldii 



Leaves large oblong. 



Cymes in thyrsoid panicles ; fruit tomentose . (6) Z. calophylla 

 Cymes axillary; drupe glabrous . . • (7) Z. affinis 



(i) Z. CEnoplia Mill. Card. Diet. No. 3 ; Hook. fil. F.B.I, i. 

 634; King, I.e. 373. 



A thorny bush. Branchlets rusty-pubescent. Leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate often oblique, acute entire or crenate, glabrous above 

 except nerves, white or red villous beneath; nerves 3 prominent 

 with numerous transverse nervules, i"25 to 2 "25 in. long, 7 to 

 i"2 in. wide; petioles "2 to '3 in. long, tomentose. Cymes '2 in, 

 long sub-sessile 12- to 15-fiowered tomentose. Flowers "i in. across, 

 green. Calyx glabrescent. Disc with 10 lobes. Drupe globular 

 black "25 in. through. Hah. Hedges and open country. Singapore, 

 hedges in town. Pahang, Kwala Tembeling. Malacca (Griffith). 

 Selangor, Rawang ; Batu Caves. Negri Sembilan, Tampin. Perak, 

 Larut (Kunstler) ; Kwala Kangsa. Province Wellesley, Tasek 

 Gelugur. Penang. Kelantan, Chaning. Lankawi (Fox). Perils, 

 Besih Hangat. Distrib. Tropical Asia and Australia. Native 

 names : Akar Kuku Tupai ; A. Kuku Balam ; Kukulang. 



(2) Z. Kunstleri King, I.e. 373. 



Climbing shrub, stout thorny. Shoots pubescent. Leaves 

 coriaceous elliptic-oblong, sub-acute or blunt acuminate finely 

 serrate, base rounded above, glabrous except nerves beneath, 

 sparsely or densely tomentose, 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; 

 petioles "15 to 2 in. long. Cymes 5- to 8-flowered, branched dense; 

 peduncle "5 in. long, thick, densely tomentose. Flowers "25 in. 

 across densely tomentose outside. Drupe ovoid, densely red- 



