86 
Plants of the Punjab. 
SHRUBS WITH ALTERNATE STIPULATE SIMPLE LEAVES. 
Phyllanthus 
parvifolius, 
KUPHORBIACEA. 
Bu, dev, 294. 
Himalaya, 
5-6,000 ft. 
Naldera, Theog 
(Collett). 
Phylianthus simplex, 
KUPHORBIACES. 
F. B. I. v. 295. 
The Plains 
to 5,000 ft. 
Valleys below Simla 
(Collett). 
Baliospermum 
axillare, 
Dant hakun. 
HuUPHORBIACE. 
Hers Lv. 461. 
Himalaya, 2-3,00 ft. 
Kashmir. 
Plecospermum 
*spinosum, 
UPHORBIACEA. 
F. B. I. v. 491. 
Salt Range and 
Himalaya to 
3,000 ft. 
Ficus clavata, 
Urticacem. 
F. B. I. v. 520. 
Himalaya to 
4, 500 ft. 
Basantpur (Collett), 
PETALS NONE. 
small, bark pale, foliage feathery, branchlets look like 
pinnate leaves ; leaves 4-4 in., in two rows, sessile, oblong, 
base narrow, tip rounded, pale below, stipules triangular, 
very minute, slender, tapering to a point; flowers, male 
and female, minute, +, in., brown purple, stalked, solitary, 
axillary, sepals 6, oblong, blunt in males, stamens 3, rarely 
5, in females styles 8; capsule 4 in. diam., round, some- 
what lobed, with a hard and brittle smooth shell, seeds 
minutely marked with brown, smooth mottling. 
small, branches siender, flattened ; leaves 4-1 in., linear, 
oblong, in two rows, rather leathery, pale below, nearly 
sessile, stipules target-shaped, with wedge-shaped lobes 
at the base, fringed or smooth ; flowers, male and female, 
minute, ,4, in., brown purple, often 8°together, sepals 6, 
in males broadly oblong, stamens 8, in females styles 3, 
reflexed ; capsule =1, in., indented, round, smooth, with a 
hard and brittle shell, seeds rough with minute processes. 
medium size, stem stout, branching from the base, 
nearly smooth; leaves, upper 2-3 in., small, lanceolate, 
lower 6-12 in., large, oblong, ovate or rounded, sinuate, 
toothed or 5-lobed, stalk thick, of upper leaves short, of 
lower as long as the blade, stipules of 2 glandular pro- 
cesses ; flowers, male and female, in many axillary racemes, 
small, in males sepals 4-6, orbicular, stamens 10-30, in 
females sepals 5-6, lanceolate, styles 8, 2-fid ; capsule 4-4 in. 
long, of three 2-valved cells, seeds oblong, smooth, mot- 
tled. The oils from the seeds and the powdered seeds are 
used in Indian medicine as a drastic purgative. 
large, bark smooth, yellowish-brown, spines axillary, 
straight, thick ; leaves 2-3 in. long, oblong with rounded 
ends or tip broad, blunt or short-pointed, margin smooth, 
surfaces smooth, stipules minute, stalk short,4-4 in.; flowers, 
male and female, in axillary stalked round heads, solitary 
or 2 or 3 together, male heads } in. diam., bracteolate, 
sepals 4, concave, blunt, stamens 4, female heads $ in. 
diam., sepals 4, fleshy ; fruit 1- to 2-seeded, lobed ; berry $ 
in. diam., velvety. 
large, shoots rough; leaves 4-8 in. long, oblong, 
long-pointed, smooth, toothed, stalks 4-4 in., stipules 
4 in., lanceolate ; fruit a fig, round witha knob, or ovoid 
and broad at the top, $ in. diam., surface uneven, axillary, 
solitary, stalk + in. long. 
