Plants of the Punjab. 125 
SHRUBS WITH ALTERNATE EXXSTIPULATE SIMPLE LEAVES. 
Elzagnus umbellata, 
Ghain, kankol mirch, 
bammewa. 
KLAGNACER. 
Ba Ls v2. 
Himalaya, 
3-10,000 ft. 
Simla, Mashobra 
(Collett). 
Hazara (Barrett). 
Hippophae 
rhamnoides, 
Sea Buckthorn, 
Sallow-Thorn, 
Kala bisa, tserkar, 
sirma. 
KL@AGNACEA. 
BoB div. 208; 
Himalaya, in the 
beds of streams, 
7-12,000 ft. 
Lahul, Pangi. 
Hippophae salicifolia, 
Surch, dhur chuk, 
-chuma. 
ELMAGNACER. 
HB. Lv. 205% 
Himalaya, 
5-10,000 ft. 
Sutlej Valley 
-(Collett). 
«Osyris arborea, 
Dalmi, dalima. 
SANTALACER. 
BH Bea. weeew: 
Himalaya, 
1-7,000 ft. 
Simla (Collett). 
‘Euphorbia Tiruealli, 
PETALS NONE. 
medium size, spinous, branches dark; leaves 1-8 
by 3-1 in., oblong-lanceolate, blunt, smooth or with star- 
shaped hairs above, silvery scaly beneath, stalk } in. ; 
flowers white, scented, silvery without, in small axillary 
clusters, appearing with the leaves, calyx 4 in. long, silvery, 
tube slender, funnel-shaped, teeth 4, broadly triangular, 
stamens 4 ; fruit 4in. long, oblong, succulent, edible, stone 
bony, ribbed, woolly within. The seeds and flowers are 
used as a stimulant in coughs, and as a substitute for black 
pepper. 
large, spinous, bark dark grey, rough with vertical 
furrows, branches stiff with silvery twigs and leaves ; 
leaves 4-2 by 1,-} in., linear, oblong to ovate with 
broad tip, rather leathery, smooth above, felted beneath, 
with grey or rusty scales ; flowers male in axillary clusters, 
female solitary, calyx in male in 2 segments, in female 
2-toothed, in male stamens 4; fruit + in. long, ovoid, 
orange or scarlet, succulent, acid but edible, seed oblong, 
shining. The fruit is very acid and used as a syrup for 
coughs. 
large, spinous, willow-like, leaves 2-4 in., linear- 
lanceolate, dark green above, covered with stellate hairs 
and few scales beneath ; otherwise like the last species. 
large, young shoots sharply 8-angled ; leaves 1-2 in. 
long, nearly sessile, oblong-ovate, tip short-pointed ; 
flowers very minute, yellow-green, nearly sessile, calyx 
8-4-lobed, male flowers in axillary clusters, female one 
to three together on long stalks; fruit 4 in., round, 
yellow to red, seed one, round. The leaves are made 
into Bischar tea, which is drunk in Ladak, but is very 
nauseating. 
see Shrubs, Opposite, Exstipulate, Simple. 
