156 
Plants of the Punjab. 
Herss, Erect, with Opposite ExstipULATE SIMPLE LEAVES. 
Caralluma edulis, 
Chang, puppu, sittu. 
ASCLEPIADACES. 
Hit. av. 76. 
The Plains, 
Rawalpindi, Multan. 
Exacum tetragonum, 
Titahana. 
Ava ohiretta, 
GENTIANACER. 
#: Ba. iv. 95. 
The Plains to 
5,000 ft. 
Exacum 
pedunculatum, 
GENTIANACE. 
GB... LE re, 97. 
The Plains to 
8,000 ft. 
Lear Maroins ENTIRE. 
PETALS UNITED. 
small, fleshy, branched or not, stem and branches 
4-orooved, nearly round, sometimes leafless; leaves 4 
in. long, soon falling off, ovoid-lanceolate, short-pointed, 
fleshy ; flowers } in. diam., purple within, solitary or in 
pairs in the upper leaf axils, calyx lobes 5, short-pointed, 
corolla smooth, broadly bell-shaped, lobes 5, narrow, 
ovate-lanceolate, tube enlarged, coronal scales in a ring, 
joined to the staminal column, 5-lobed, lobes 2-pointed, 
with a process on the inner face which overlaps the an- 
thers, staminal column very short, anthers short, with a 
shallow notch at a rounded apex, resting on, or joimed 
to the stigma, stigma flat ; follicles slender, smooth, round, 
seeds crowned with a bunch of hairs. This plant is eaten 
by the poor as a vegetable. 
medium size to large, stem square, a little branched 
below ; leaves 5 by 14 in., short-pointed, or 1} by % in., 
nearly blunt, 5-nerved, sessile or stem clasping, broadly 
lanceolate ; flowers blue, 14 in. diam., in terminal branch- 
ing racemes, calyx deeply 4-lobed, lobes 3-3 in. long, ovate, 
long-pointed, keeled, or sometimes barely 38-winged, corolla 
wheel-shaped, lobes 4, # in. long, oblong, short-pointed, 
stamens 4, on the corolla tube, anthers } in., straight, 
style 4 in. long, thread-like, stigma round ; capsule 3 in. 
diam., nearly round, seeds very many, minute. This 
plant is used by Indians as a tonic bitter in place of 
Chiretta. 
small, stem square, much branched; leaves 13 by 
1 in., oblong with rounded ends or lanceolate, 3-nerved, 
nearly sessile ; flowers 3 in. diam., blue, in many-flowered 
terminal rigid stalked clusters on main stalks }-} in. long, 
calyx lobes 4, 4-1 in. long, ovate, long-pointed, wing dis- 
tinet, lanceolate, corolla wheel-shaped, lobes 4, 4-3 in. 
long, oblong with rounded ends, stamens 4, anthers { in., 
style long, stigma nearly round ; capsule }in., nearly round, 
valves’ 2, seeds very many, minute. This plant is used 
by Indians as a bitter tonic in place of gentian. 
