382 
Plants of the Punjab. 
Heres, Ersor, with ALTERNATE ExstiIPpULATE SIMPLE LEAvVgEs. 
Luar Marains ToorHeD. 
PETALS UNITED. 
FLOWERS, MINUTH, IN HEADS, ALL TUBULAR. 
Carthamus 
tinetorius, 
Safflower, 
Kasumbha, kusum. 
ComposiT#. 
(tha eee aioe reo 
The Plains to 
2,000 ft. 
Carthamus 
oxyacantha, 
Kantiart, polr. 
CompositTa. 
F. B. I. ii. 386. 
The Plains, 
west of the Ravi. 
Gujar Khan (Douie). 
Rawalpindi. 
Baluchistan (Lace). 
Carthamus lanatus, 
sores size, annual, smooth or velvety, thistle-lke ; 
leaves 13-3 by $-141n., lanceolate, stiff, toothed and spinous 
or ees ooealee flowers “ane orange-red, in terminal 
heads 4-1 in. diam., bracts of heads many, spinous, erect, 
outer leaf-like, spinous or not, inner ovate-oblong, 
short-pointed, floor of head flat, densely bristly, pappus 
none, corollas all tubular, deeply 5-toothed, slender, anther- 
bases forked, tails short fringed ; achenes ovoid with top 
broad, 4-angled, smooth, with 4 bosses at the top. 
This plant is found as an escape, widely cultivated as a 
winter crop; the flowers provide rouge, a beautiful pink 
dye and oil is obtained from the seeds. 
medium size, annual, stem and branches white, leaves 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, lower shortly spinous-toothed, 
upper half stem-clasping, very spinous, flowers orange- 
yellow, outer bracts of head longer than the flowers, white 
below the contracted portion, green above it, with yellow 
spines ; for other characters see the last species. This 
plant may be the wild form of the last species. An illu- 
minating oil is expressed from the seeds. 
see Herbs, Erect, Alternate, Exstipulate, Lobed. 
INNER FLOWERS TUBULAR, OUTER LIGULATE. 
Myriactis nepalensis, 
CoMPposiTm. 
F. B. I. iii. 247. 
Himalaya, 
4-10,000 ft. 
Simla (Collett). 
Kashmir. 
medium size to large, annual, velvety or roughly 
hairy, much branched ; leaves 1-8 in., lanceolate, shortly 
stalked, stalks winged ; flowers minute, outer white, inner 
yellow, in heads 4-4in. diam., in clusters on div erging stalks, 
bracts of heads in 8-4 series, short- -pointed, narrow, margins 
thin, afterwards reflexed, floor of heads convex, broad, 
naked, pappus none, corollas, inner 4-5-toothed, outer entire, 
short, anther-bases entire, style-arms narrow, flattened, 
lanceolate ; achenes flat, smooth, margined. 
