Plants of the Punjab. 369 
Hurss, Erect, with ALTERNATE ExstrpuLaTE LoBep LeEaveEs. 
PETALS UNITED. 
FLOWERS, MINUTE, IN HEADS, ALL TUBULAR. 
Cnicus involucratus, 
CoMPosITzA. 
PAB: TF me3e2? 
Himalaya, . 
8-12,000 ft. 
Kashmir. 
Cnicus 
argyracanthus, 
Composit am. 
Hebe Lie 962. 
Himalaya, 
6-9,000 ft. 
Simla, Facu, 
(Collett). 
Murree. 
Cnicus Wallichii, 
ComposiTa. 
BB. 1. n1e868. 
Himalaya, 
5-9,000 ft. 
Simla, in fields 
(Collett). 
Murree. 
Silybum Marianum, 
or Carduus 
Marianus, 
Milk thistle, 
ComposiITm. 
FOB. 11m S64 
The Plains west of 
the Indus to 
8,000 ft. 
Hazara, Kashmir. 
bases forked, style arms short, blunt, achenes smooth, 
linear-oblong, flattened, 4-angled, pale brown. A com- 
mon weed in cultivated land. The seeds yield an oil some- 
times used for burning. Cnicus and Carduus are very like 
each other, but Cnicus has greener bracts and more 
feathery pappus. 
like the last species, but radical leaves 12 in. long, 
deeply pinnatifid, stalked, bristly above, felted below, stem 
leaves broad, stem clasping, heart-shaped, flowers pale 
yellow, 1 in. long, male and female in the same heads, 14 
24 in. diam., bracts of heads all spinulose, corollas 5-lobed, 
but not deeply, pappus 2 in., brown. . 
very like the last species, but more slender, leaves 
always smooth above, heads ?-1 in., more numerous, smaller, 
densely clustered, corollas 4in., white, pappus $ in., nearly 
white. 
like the last species, but larger, the tips of the inner 
bracts dilated, occupying a large part of the head, flowers 
dull yellow, 3 in. long, pappus brownish white. 
& 
medium size to large, annual or biennial, shining, 
smooth, stem grooved, not winged ; leaves large, with strong 
spines, lobed, green above marbled with white ; flowers 
rose-purple in large solitary, terminal, nodding heads, 1-2 
in. diam., bracts of heads leathery with a spine 4-#? in. long, 
outer with a short point, floor of head fleshy, densely bristly. 
pappus white, united at the base, anther-bases forked, 
style nearly entire; achenes } in., transversely wrinkled, 
black or grey, flattened. 
