370 
Plants of the Punjab. 
Heres, ERECT, WITH ALTERNATE ExstIPULATE LOBED LEAVES. 
. PETALS UNITED. 
FLOWERS, MINUTE, IN HEADS, ALL TUBULAR. 
Saussurea 
candicans, 
Batula, kala zri. 
Composit é. 
F. B. I. i. 8738. 
The Plains from 
2-7,000 ft. 
Salt Range, 
Hazara, Kashmir, 
Simla (Collett). 
Baluchistan (Lace). 
Saussurea, 
hypoleuca, 
Kat, kust. 
CoMPosIT#. 
FE. B. I. ui. 874. 
Himalaya, 
7-13,000 ft. 
Hatu (Collett). 
Kashmir. 
Saussurea Jacea, 
Saussurea Lappa, 
The Costus, 
Kat, kust, 
CoMPposiITé. 
Ry seal. dit..01 6 
Kashmir, 
8-12,000 ft. 
(Falconer). 
medium size to large, annual, leafy, unbranched below, 
heads erect ; leaves radical, 1-6 by 3-14 in., sometimes 18 
by 6 in., stalked, oblong or ovate, with a broad tip, pin- 
nately lobed at the base, generally smooth above, white- 
cottony or felted beneath, stem leaves sessile, smaller, lan- 
ceolate, few ; flowers pale red in erect long-stalked solitary, 
or clustered heads, 1-14 in. diam., bracts of heads lanceolate, 
long-pointed, cottony or velvety, floor of heads with long 
bristles, pappus-hairs 4 in. long, very slender, corollas 4 in. 
long, anther-bases deeply and irregularly divided ; achenes 
4 in., 5-angled, rough. The seeds are used as a carminative 
in Indian medicine. 
large, annual, slender, leafy, branched above, heads 
nodding ; leaves white-felted beneath, radical 6-10 in., 
narrow, pinnately divided, lateral lobes pointing back, 
terminal lobe much larger, oblong, stem-leaves 8-8 in., pim- 
nately lobed, laterallobes 2-4 pairs, oblong, less than 1 in. 
long, terminal lobe 2-4 by 1-3 in., triangular, short-pointed ; 
flowers dark-purple, in solitary nodding, globose heads, 
14-2 in. diam., bracts of heads lanceolate, long-pointed, 
bristly, purple, floor of heads with long bristles, anther 
tails long, awl-shaped, split at the tip or not ; achenes } in., 
4-angled, pappus 4 in., brown. 
see Herbs, Erect, Alternate, Exstipulate, Simple, 
Entire. 
very large, stem undivided below, velvety; leaves 
rough above, smooth beneath, irregularly toothed, radical 
with the stalk 2-8 ft. long, stalk lobed and winged, ter- 
minal lobe often 12 in. across, stem leaves 6-12 in. long 
with the stalk, base forked, half stem-clasping ; flowers ? 
in. long, dark purple, in nearly round, sessile, axillary or 
clustered heads, 1-14 in. diam., bracts of heads many, 
purple, ovate-lanceolate, long-pointed, stiff, recurved, 
floor of heads with long bristles, anther tails fringed, pappus 
hairs 2 in., brown, achenes 4 in., curved, flattened, top 
cupped. The root is exported in large quantities from 
Kashmir ;it has a seentlike orris root, and is much used 
in perfumery, also in Hindu medicine as a tonic and 
aphrodisiac, and as a cure for asthma, toothache, rheuma- 
tism, and as an application to ulcers especially when 
attacked by maggots. 
