456 
‘ 
Plants of th Punjab. 
Herss, UNBRANCHED, WITH ALTERNATE STIPULATE SIMPLE LEAVES. 
Viola Patrinii, 
VIOLACER. 
Be BST. 1183: 
Himalaya, 
4-8,000 ft. 
Simla (Collett). 
Kashmir. 
Viola serpens, 
or canescenes, 
VILOACER. 
PB, a3. 184, 
Himalaya, 
5-7,000 ft. 
Simla, Mahagu, 
Narkanda, in woods. 
. Viola odorata, 
Sweet violet, 
Banafshah. 
VIOLACER. 
BoB. 134. 184. 
Kashmir, 
5-6,000 ft. 
Viola canina, 
Dog violet, 
VIOLACER. 
Hees 1. 1 Sb. 
Kashmir, 
4-8,000 ft. 
Viola Faleoneri, 
VIOLACEZ. 
Pes, 1, 186, 
Kashmir. 
PETALS UNUNITED. 
produced in a hollow spur, streaked with black, the other- 
4 petals flat, nearly equal, stamens 5, anthers sessile, erect, 
united ina ring, each tipped with a small triangular lobe, 
the two lower produced at the base in short spurs enclosed 
within the petal spur, stigma 2-lobed ; capsule ovoid, open- 
ing by 3 valves whose sides press on the smooth ovoid seeds, 
ejecting them successively with some force. 
stemless, without runners, rootstock woody, leaves 
3-4 by 3-2 in., triangular, ovate, oblong or linear-round or 
sharp-toothed, base arrow- heart- or wedge-shaped, stipules 
linear, flowers 3-3} in. diam., lilac, sepals lanceolate, spur 
swollen, stigma 3-lobed, margined, capsule }-4in., straight ; 
for other characters see the last species. 
smooth or with scattered white hairs, stems short 
with long runners, leaves 1-2 in., ovate-heart-shaped, 
blunt or sharp-pointed, round and sharp-toothed, stipules 
toothed or fringed, flowers }-3 in., lilac, spur swollen, sepals 
short-pointed, capsules round, few-seeded, stigmas 38-lobed, 
sometimes with a lateral hooked beak ; for other charac- 
ters see the last species. Banafsha—an Indian medicine— 
is made from the flowers. 
rootstock stout, stemless, runners slender, leaves 4-1 
in. diam., tip rounded, tufted, broadly ovate-heart-shaped, 
round-toothed, stipules lanceolate, awl-shaped, entire or 
toothed, sepals rounded at the tip, spur nearly straight, 
short, almost cylindric, style thickened above, stigma 
curved down; for other characters see the last species. 
The dried flowers are used in Muhammadan medicine ex- 
tensively especially as diaphoretics and diuretics. 
very like the last species, but stipules leafy, fringed, 
sepals short- or long-pointed. 
like the last species, but leaves covered with black 
glands, flowers much larger, 3? in. diam. 
