Plants of ihe Punjab. ATS 
Herss, UNBRANCHED WITH ALTERNATE EXXSTIPULATE SIMPLE LHAVES. 
PETALS UNITED. 
FLOWERS, MINUTE, IN HEADS, ALL TUBULAR. 
durinea ceratocarpa, 
CoMPOSsIT. 
Be Bick iis 878. 
Kashmir, 
9-15,000 it. 
small to large, perennial, slightly rough, stemless 
or stem up to 2 ft., with stout branches ; leaveg 2-5 in., 
linear-oblong or lanceolate, entire or pinnately divided, 
green on both sides, or white beneath, radical and loWer 
stem leaves often have the lobes pointing back, stalked, 
upper stem leaves sessile, base forked ; flowers 4 in., purple 
in sessile. or stoutly stalked heads, 1-14 in. diam., with 
linear leaves as bracts, receptacle bracts lanceolate, long- 
pointed, in many rows, overlapping each other, inner- 
most slender, erect, or recurved, outer shorter, linear green, 
receptacle (floor of head) flat, densely bristly, bristles 
longer than the achenes, anther-bases forked, anther tails 
. long, divided, style-arms short; pappus hairs in several 
Serratula pallida, 
CoMPOSIT&. 
add Vii, 879. 
Himalaya, 
6-8 000 ft. 
Simla (Collett). 
Kashmir. 
Ainsliza pteropoda, 
Compositaz. 
EF. B. I. iu. 888. 
Himalaya, 
east of the Suilej, 
5-6,000 it. 
Valleys below Simla 
(Collett). 
Kasauli. 
rows, outer bristly rough, inner 4 in., very slender, white ; 
achenes + in., rough, brown, 4-5-angled, angles ending in 
erect spines. 
large, perennial, smooth or slightly rough, sometimes 
branched from below, branches ending in long leafless one- 
headed stalks; leaves chiefly radical, stalked, broadly 
ovate or oblong, 3-12 by 2-6in., toothed, all of this charactex 
in the autumn, or 1-6 in. long, deeply pinnately lobed, stem 
leaves few or none ; flowers # in. long, purple, violet or 
whitish, in discoid heads 1-14 in. diam. , on long stalks, 
receptacle bracts smooth, in several rows, inner narrow, 
long with blunt tips, outer ovate, short-pointed, recept- 
acle bristly, bristles longer than the achenes, anther- 
bases forked, tails short, undivided, styles hairy, pappus 
hairs 3 1n., brown, stiff ; achenes 4+ in., oblong-ovoid, broad, 
flattened, pale, quite, smooth. 
medium size, perennial, felted, cottony or hairy, the 
flowering leafless stems appear in March and April, 1-2 ft. 
high, bearing many heads in spikes, after fruiting the 
stems disappear, in June the leaves appear 2-5 by 14-8 
in., ovate or heart-shaped, short- or long-pointed, narrow- 
ed into a broadly winged stalk, finely toothed, during July 
to September a new stem bearing leaves, many closed heads: 
and buds appear, at the end.of October_the heads open and 
shed many seeds, but the corollas are concealed in’ the 
pappus, the leaves drop off in the winter and the buds 
produce perfect flowers in the spring; heads are discoid, 
