Plants of the Punjab. 507 
SX 
Herss, UNBRANCHED, WITH ALTERNATE ExstipuLatTe Loprep Lauavus. 
Saussurea 
Kunthiana, 
CompositTz. 
F, B, I. iii. 869. 
Himalaya, 
14-16,000 ft. 
Kashmir, 
Saussurea Falconeri, 
CompositTa. 
Fe Bk. i. 369; 
Kashmir, 
13,000 ft. 
(Clarke). 
Saussurea candicans, 
Saussurea 
hypoleuca, 
Saussurea Lappa, 
The Costus, 
Kut, kust-talk, 
patchak. 
ComposiTa. 
Ba Beloit. 376. 
Kashmir, 
8-12,000 ft. 
PETALS UNITED. 
FLOWERS, MINUTE IN HEADS, ALL TUBULAR. 
Sometimes curved back, floor of head densely bristly, 
corollas slender, deeply 5-lobed, anther-tails short, woolly, 
pappus hairs 3 in., pale brown, outer hairs few, rough; 
achenes oblong, 4-ribbed, wrinkled. 
like the last species, but stemless, lobes of the leaf 
4-3 in. long, broader, more square, lobulate, upper sur- 
face never smooth, achenes rough with short firm excre- 
scences. 
like the last species, but woolly, stem stout, corolla 
1} in, 
see Herbs, Erect, Alternate, Exstipulate, Lobed. 
see Herbs, Erect, Alternate, Exstipu'ate, Lobed. 
large, perennial, velvety above, very tall, robust, 
stem 6-7 ft., } in. diam. ; leaves radical with the leaf stalk 
24-36 in. long, triangular with a long-lobed winged stalk, 
terminal-lobe of leaves 12 in. diam., stem leaves 6-12 in. 
long, including the stalk when present, base half stem-clasp- 
ing with ear-shaped lobes ; flowers 3? in. long, dark purple 
in nearly hard round axillary sessile or in a terminal cluster 
of 2-5 heads, bracts of the head ovate-lanceolate, numerous, 
long-pointed, stiff, recurved, smooth, bristles of the floor 
of head in. long, pappus hairs in 2 rows, outer also 
feathery, $ in., brown, anther-tails fringed ; achenes 4 in., 
curved, flattened, margins thickened, one rib on each face, 
top cupped, contracted. The plant is much used in Indian 
medicine, it was much valued by the ancients, it supplies 
a perfume and is used as a stimulant and an aphrodisiac, 
