578 
Plants of the Punjab. 
CLIMBING PLANTS witH Opposite ExstTrpULATE SIMPLE LEAVES. 
Rubia cordifolia, 
Indian Madder, 
Manjit, 
RuBIACES. 
F. B. 1. 1. 202. 
Himalaya, 
2-8,000 it. 
Simla, Mashobra 
(Collett). 
Baluchistan 
(Hughes-Buller). 
Rubia tinctorum, 
European Madder, 
RuBIACES. 
F. B, I. i. 208. 
Kashmir, 
cultivated 
(Falconer). 
Baluchistan 
(Lace), 
Rubia himalayenese, 
RuBIACER. 
F. B. I. iii. 203, 
Kashmir 
(Falconer). 
Rubia albicaulis, 
RuBIACE. 
F, B, I. iii. 204. 
The Plains 
from 2-8,000 ft. 
The Salt Range. 
Murree. 
Galium 
rotundifolium, 
PETALS UNITED. 
rootstock perennial, roots long, cylindrical, stems 
stout, branches 4-angled, smooth or rough with bristles 
directed backwards; leaves 2-4 in., heart-shaped-ovate, 
long-pointed, long-stalked, in circles of four, nerves and 
margins prickly ; flowers minute, dark red, in terminal 
crowded branching racemes, branches divided in threes 
with opposite sessile heart-shaped bracts, calyx tube round, 
smooth, no teeth, corolla tube very short, lobes 5, ovate, 
short-pomted, tips incurved, stamens 5, style 2-branched ; 
fruit + in, diam., round, or almost 2-lobed, black, 2-celled 
or 1-celled, juice red, seeds 2, small. The red dye, manjtt, 
is made from the roots. 
very like the last species, but leaves narrower, corolla 
wheel-shaped, anthers linear-oblong, not round. 
like the last species, but not cultivated, more slender, 
broader, shorter, leaves long-stalked, corolla more funnel- 
shaped. 
like the last species, but doubtfully climbing, branches 
often white, quite smooth, upper green with white thicken- 
ed angles, leaves sessile, opposite, or 4 in a circle, linear- 
lanceolate, flowers yellow, 
see Prostrate Herbs, Opposite, Exstipulate, Simple, 
