Plants of the Punjab. 625 
WATER PLANTS. 
Herbs with Opposite ExstirpuLats Simpuy Leaves, 
Ottelia alismoides, 
HyYDROCHARITACEA. 
F. B. I. v, 662, 
The Plains, 
in tanks and 
ditches. 
Callitriche stagnalis, 
Water Starwort, 
HaLLoRRHAGIDACER, 
F. B. I. ii. 484. 
Himalaya, 
5-10,000 ft. 
Kashmir, Sipi 
below Mashobra. 
Callitriche verna, 
HALLORRHAGIDACED, 
F. B. I, ii, 484. 
Himalaya, 
5-8,000 ft, 
Kashmir, 7,000 ft. 
Changlagalli (Douie). 
Vallisneria spiralias, 
Sawala, syala, 
HyDROCHARIDACES. 
F. B. I. v. 660, 
The Plains to 
2,000 ft. 
Baluchistan 
(Stocks), 
PETALS UNITED, 
medium size, submerged, roots fibrous ; leaves crowded, 
very variable, the submerged narrow, the floating long- 
stalked orbicular or oblong, heart-shaped, 2-6 by 1-2 in. 
or even 7 in. diam., 7-11-nerved, stalk 1-10 in.; flowers 
white, solitary sessile on a tubular 2-fid sheath, sheath 1-1} 
in., 5- or-6-winged, wings waved unequal, sepals 3, linear 
or oblong, petals 1 in. broad, stamens 6-15, styles 6, linear, 
2-fid ; fruit 2 in. diam., oblong, 6-valved, enclosed in the 
sheath, crowned by the withered flower, 6-grooved, linear- 
obloug to round, seeds many, oblong, 
PETALS NONE, 
small, floating, submerged, or growing on mud, stems 
slender, brittle, much branched, rooting at the joints; 
leaves 4 in. long, ovate or very narrow, entire, lower op- 
posite, upper crowded into little rosettes ; flowers minute, 
axillary, usually solitary, each between two minute bracts 
(sometimes wanting), calyx and corolla none, in male flowers 
one stamen, filament long, in female flowersa 4-lobed ovary, 
styles 2, long, thread-like ; fruit round, flattened, sessile, mar- 
gins winged, short-pointed, dividing into 4 one-seeded nuts. 
like the last species, but the leaves are often oblong, 
fruit not winged, blunt, 
medium size, tufted, stemless, submerged; leaves 
5-10 by $ in. varying with the depth of water, linear, 
translucent, green ; flowers male and female separate in 
sheaths, male flowers many, minute on long stalks in a 
3-lobed short-stalked sheath § in., sepals 8, petals none, 
stamens 1-3, the sheath breaks off and floats at the surface 
when the anthers shed the pollen, female flower solitary 
in a tubular 8-toothed sheath on a long thread-like coiled 
stalk, sepals 3, petals none, staminodes 8, 2-fid, stigmas 8, 
broad, notched ; fruit linear enclosed in the sheath, seeds 
many. - lor purposes of propagation, the flower is carried 
to the surface by the un-coiling of the spiral stalk, after 
fertilization it is again submerged by the stalk coiling up 
again; fruit linear, many-seeded, This plant is used 
similarly to Hydrilla verticillata in sugar refining, 
88 
