680 
Plants of the Punjab. 
WATER PLANTS. 
HERBs WITH ALTERNATE STIPULATES SIMPLE LEAVES. 
Nelumbium 
speciosum, 
Sacred Lotus or 
Egyptian Bean, 
Kanwal, pamposh. 
NyYMPHECES. 
5, 1.4. 116. 
The Plains to 
6,000 ft. 
Kashmir. 
Pind Dadan Khan. 
Trapa bispinosa, 
Horn nut, 
Singhara. 
ONAGRACES, or 
HypDROCARYACEA. 
BB. 1, i. 590. 
The Plains, in 
stagnant waters. 
Trapa natans, 
ONAGRACES or 
HyprocaRYACE&. 
F, B. I. ii, 590. 
Kashmir. 
Polygonum 
orientale, 
polygonum glabrum, 
PETALS UNUNITED. 
large, perennial, juice milky, rootstock submerged, 
stout, creeping ; leaves 24-36 in. diam., waxy, bluish-green, 
cupped, thin, standing above the water, stalks 3-6 ft. long, 
full of spiral vessels, surface smooth or prickly, joined 
to the centre of leaf-blade ; flowers 4-10 in. diam., white 
or pink, sepals 4-5, soon falling off, petals many, concave, 
veined, soon falling off, stamens many, soon falling off, _ 
anthers with a clubbed appendage, carpels many, sunk in 
spongy base of the flower, which breaks off the stalk, 
then floats about, finally rots and the carpels each with 
one seed sink to bottom of the pond and take root, styles 
many, stigma terminal. The rootstock is eaten; and 
the seed is used as a heart stimulant. 
medium size, perennial, floating, stem long, zigzag, 
submerged portion at intervals gives off much divided pairs 
of green organs-like stipules at the base of the old leaf 
scars ; leaves 2 by 24-3 in., floating, crowded into rosettes 
on the upper part of the stem, dark green, shining above, 
woolly beneath, tips slightly round-toothed, stalk 4-6 in, 
long, woolly, stipules linear, thin, soon falling off ; flow- 
ers small, white, axillary, solitary, stalked, calyx tube 
short, 4-fid, 2 segments or all are persistent, becoming 
spinescent on fruit, petals 4, small, stamens 4, style awl- 
shaped, stigma round ; fruit 1-14 in. long and broad, horny, 
ovoid witha broad top, one-celled, ripening under water, 
4-angled, 2 or all spinescent with a short beak on the top 
for the seed radical to protrude, seed one. The plant is 
often cultivated in ponds, the seed is much eaten raw or 
cooked. 
like the last species, but the floating leaves only 1 im. 
diam., tip toothed deeply, stalk 2-4 in., smooth, under 
surface only slightly hairy on the nerves, fruit only 3? in., 
broad, all 4 angles spinescent, 2 lateral spines shorter. 
PETALS NONE. 
see Herbs, Erect, Alternate, Stipulate, Simple, Entire, 
see Herbs, Hreot, Alternate, Stipulate, Simple, Entire, 
