Planis of the Punjab. e541 
Balanophora 
involuerata, 
BALANOPHORAOGEA, 
F. B. I. vi. 287. 
Himalaya, 
6,000 ft. 
Kotgarh, Simla 
Hills (Thomson) 
(Collett). 
Asparagus filicinus, 
Alla palla, satzarra. 
LILIACEA, 
BF, B. I. vi. 814. 
Himalaya, | 
4-7,000 ft. 
Mashobra (Collett). 
Kashmir, 
Nathiagalli. 
Asparagus gracilis, 
LILIACEA. 
fb. vis 3815; 
The Plains to 
6,000 ft. 
Valleys below Simla 
(Collett). 
Rawalpindi. 
Baluchistan. 
Asparagus 
racemosus, 
Satawar, shakakul. 
LILIACER. 
FH. B: 1 vi. 816, 
The Plains to 
4,000 ft. 
Valleys below Simla 
(Collett). 
Below Fagu. 
LEAFLESS PLANTS. 
HERBS. 
PETALS UNITED. 
smooth, fleshy, fungus-like, leafless, parasitic on the. 
roots of trees, rootstock tuberous, 8-4 in. diam., warted, 
flower stems 1-6in. long burst fromthe rootstock which 
forms a sheathed ring at the base, on the stem about the 
middle a ring of 2-4 scales (involucre) contain yellow 
or red flower heads or cones, flowers minute, interspers- 
ed with club-shaped cellular bodies (bracteoles), male 
flower consists of a tube (calyx) of 8 united lobes 
sunk in the head, stamens 8, united in a column, 
female flowers consist of a round flattened ovary narrowed 
into a slender style, sometimes clustered round a, bracteole ; 
fruit minute, brittle, seed round. 
rootstock perennial, stout, creeping, stems annual, 
erect, zigzag, hollow, much branched, smooth, unarmed: 
leafless, minute scales in their axils, tufts of 2-5 flattened 
curved branchlets (cladodes) 4-1 in.; flowers Tris In, 
white, drooping, single or in pairs, stalks 4 in., very slender, 
jomted about the middle, calyx bell-shaped, 6-parted, 
stamens 6, at the base of the calyx Icbes, ovary 3-angled, 
3-celled, style 1, stigmas 3; berry } in. diam., round, red, 
seeds 2-6. The root is used as a tonic and astringent. 
like the last species, but prickly on the lower branches, 
cladodes straight, stiff, flowers ¢ in., calyx-seements spread- 
ing. 
like the last species, but stems climbing, prickles + in., 
curved, round, spreading, flowers in racemes, 1-4 in, long. 
This plant is used as a demulcent, diuretic, alterative and 
antidysenteric. 
