38 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 



compressed, without pappus. — Disteib. About 8 species, tropics of 

 Asia, Africa, and Australia. 



Sph^ranthus africanus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1314. Annual, glabrous or 

 pubescent, the stem and branches with long decurrent, entire wings. 

 Leaves membranous, oblanceolate, acute or sub-acute, with a small 

 bristle-point at the apex, the base narrowed and confluent with the 

 wing of the branch, the edges bristle-serrate ; length 1 to 3 in. ; breadth 

 •25 to 1*25 in. Clusters of heads globose, "3 to 4 in. in diam., peduncu- 

 late, their involucres few, scarious, rounded or jagged, not imbricate ; 

 the peduncles "25 to -4 in. long, glabrous, with a wing widening at the 

 base. Female florets about 15, gibbous. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 

 275 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 601. S. africanus and S. microcephalus, 

 Willd. Sp. PI. III. 2395. S. microcephalus, DC. Prod. V. 360; Clarke 

 Comp. Ind. 97. S. indicus, Willd. I.e. 2394 ; Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 62, 

 PL Ind. III. 446. S. africanus, Wall. Cat. 3179 {in ixirt). 



Malacca: Griffith. Kedah : King's Collector 1701. Singapore: 

 Ridley 5069. Penang : Curtis 1942 ; Deschamps. Province Welles- 

 ley : Piidley 7125. Perak : Scoi'techini 1640. — Distrib. British 

 India, Malay Archipelago, China, Philippines, Australia, Africa. 



12. Emilia, Cass. 



Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, often glaucous, some- 

 times sarmentose. Leaves alternate, radical, crowded, petiolate, entire, 

 toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid ; cauline few, stem-clasping. Heads on 

 long peduncles, solitary or loosely corymbose, ebracteolate at the 

 base, homogamous, discoid, yellow or red ; florets all ^ , fertile,, 

 tubular, the limb elongate and 5-toothed. Livolucrc cylindric ; its 

 bracts in a single series, equal, free or cohering, striate ; receptacle flat, 

 naked. Style-arms sub-terete, their apices short and obtuse, or long 

 and acute. Cypselas sub-terete, or 5-ribbed or -angled ; pappus hairs 

 numerous, white, silky. — Distrib. Species 14 or 15; all Indo-Malayan 

 and tropical African. 



Emilia sonchifolia, DC. Prod. VI. 302. Annual, usually erect, 

 sometimes diffuse and sarmentose, 12 to 30 in. high. Leaves : the 

 lower lyrate-pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, rarely elliptic, glabrous or 

 puberulous, sometimes scaberulous, 1-5 to 4 in. long ; petioles variable 

 but rarely exceeding an inch in length ; cauline leaves much smaller, 

 hastate or linear-hastate, dentate, sessile and auriculate, more or less 

 stem-clasping. Heads -4 in. long and the same in diam. when expanded, 

 on long ebracteate or scantily bracteate peduncles, collected in lax 

 terminal long pedunculate spreading corymbs, hivolucrc nearly as^ 

 long as the purple florets, ecalyculate ; its bracts linear-oblong, sub- 

 248 



