XXXviii. THE FLORA OF HALIFAX. 



mixed with deciduous trees or are entirely coniferous planta- 

 tions. 



The mixed woods lie below 500 feet, and the dry oak 

 woods generally run out below 800 or 900ft. Any extension 



above them takes the form of an irregular line 

 dough of trees and shrubs bordering the stream- 



Vegetation, course, or of scrub on the uncultivated rough 



slopes. The most characteristic trees along 

 the stream-banks are oak, mountain-ash, birch, and alder, 

 with bushes of hawthorn, hazel, willow, holly, roses, and 

 brambles. Closely associated with them are the foxglove, 

 hair-bell, wood-sage, the common ferns already named and 

 also the hard-fern, Lomavia Spicant, the sweet mountain-fern, 

 the rare bladder-fern, and other herbaceous plants mentioned 

 below. 



The rough, undrained slopes towards the clough head, 

 ranging between 600 and 1,000ft. furnish ground for a varied 

 and rich flora, on account of their never being disturbed, so 

 that moor and heath plants share the drier ground with the 

 shrubs and dwarf trees that form a characteristic scrub, 

 whilst the numerous rivulets form steep, dripping banks, or 

 wide-spreading swamps, where marsh-plants abound. Ogden 

 Clough, Broadhead Clough near Hollock Lea, the right bank 

 of Turner Clough may be taken as examples, but almost every 

 clough contains such an area. 



The scrub is composed of : — 

 Oak Hawthorn Roses (spp.) Bilberry 



Mountain Ash Blackthorn Brambles (spp.) Heather 

 Birch Hazel Gorse (2) Heaths (2) 



Holly Willows (3) Broom Bracken. 



The general herbaceous vegetation, exclusive of the marsh 

 plants which are given separately, includes the following, of 

 which those that are restricted to one or two stations are placed 

 within brackets : — 



(Viola luted) Centaurea nigra 



Poly gala depvessa Hieracium Pilosella 



Linum cathavticam Campanula rotundifolia 



Oxalis Acetosella (t'yrola media) 



Potentilla silvestris Digitalis .purpurea . 



P. procumbens Veronica montana 



Alchemilla vulgaris Euphrasia officinalis 



Galium saxatilc Melampyrum pratense 



Scabiosa succisa (Scutellaria minor) 



