xlvi. THE FLORA OF HALIFAX. 



wet, peat is but slightly developed. It extends from 

 Stoodley Pike along Langneld Edge, past Gadden reservoirs 

 nearly to Todmorden and rises to about 1250ft. Heather 

 is entirely absent, and only one small patch of the cross-leaved 

 heath (E. Tetvalix) was noted, near the reservoirs. Nor does 

 bilberry occur in anything more than small patches, but crow- 

 berry {Empetvum) is much more plentiful. Sheep's Fescue 

 grass, Festuca ovina, is the dominant species on the slopes, and 

 the two cotton-grasses are found freely with it and more so on 

 the edge. Deschampsia flexuosa and J uncus squavvosus are also 

 common. Cranberry and other marsh plants are present in 

 the Sphagnum swamps. As soon as the top is reached and 

 the Yoredale left behind, the moor to the south become more 

 like the prevailing type. 



There remains one more feature to note before finishing 

 with the moors, and that is the greater development of bilberry 



on the very summits, so that along the ridges 

 Bilberry above 1400ft. it becomes the dominant feature. 



Ridge. This may be seen on VVaystones Edge, where 



Rubus Chamcemonis and Empetvum nigrum are 

 associated with it, on Gorple Stones, Dovestones, and other 

 heights, but it is most marked on the top of Boulsworth, 

 which is some two hundred feet higher. As the top is approach- 

 ed the cotton-grass becomes less prominent, and the summit is 

 occupied by bilberry. There is a good deal of J uncus squavvosus 

 growing with it there, and the inseparable heather and 

 Deschampsia flexuosa, though only in small quantity, also Festuca 

 ovina. The interest of this lies in the way it just brings our 

 moors into line with many of the Scotch mountains, on which 

 from 2000 to 3000ft., the bilberry or blaeberry becomes in the 

 same way the dominant species. 



Blackstone Edge, though somewhat lower and therefore 

 allowing the presence of more members in the association, 

 clearly comes within the area where bilberry is dominant. 

 The crowberry is also well to the front, and heather much 

 more prominent than on Boulsworth. 



