CLASS IV. ORDER I.J DIPSACUS. 175 



2. D. si/lves'tris, Linn. (Fig. 217.) wild Teasel. Leaves opposite, 

 rarely united; scales of the receptacle straight at the extremity; 

 involucrum curved upwards. 



English Botany, t. 1032.— English Flora, vol. i. p. 193.— Lindley, 

 Synopsis, p. 139. — Hooker, British Flora, vol. i. p. 64. 



Root tapering and branched. Stevi from four to six feet high, erect, 

 stout, strongly furrowed, rough, with stout prickles, hollow, and having 

 opposite branches towards the top. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong- 

 lanceolate, obtusely and irregularly serrated or jagged, with a strong 

 prickly midrib, and sometimes united at the base, especially the upper 

 ones, forming hollows which are capable of retaining water. Injlores- 

 cencc a close oval head, surrounded by an involucrum of numerous 

 narrow, spreading, prickly leaves, as long as the head of flowers. 

 Flowers numerous, whitish or pink. Itivolucellum four-sided, each 

 side having two narrow excavations, and the margin having a shrivelled 

 appearance. Calyx cup-shaped, sujierior, its tube investing the ova- 

 rium, and adhering to it, at least at the summit. Corolla of one piece 

 (monopetalous), tubular, downy, inserted into the calyx obliquely, four- 

 cleft. Stamens alternate with the segments of the corolla. Ovarium 

 inferior, one-celled, with a single pendulous ovalum. Fruit crowned 

 by the calyx. Each floret arises from the base of a lanceolate, mem- 

 branous scale, with a straight, roughish point, the margins hairy. 



Habitat. — Road s-'dcs, hedges, &c. in damp situations ; frequent iu 

 England and Ireland — less common in Scotland. Inchcolm, near 

 Edinburgh — Maughan. South side of Duddingston Loch — Mr. Neill. 

 River sides about two miles from Ayr — 3Ir. J. Wilson. 



Biennial ; flowering in July. 



3. D.pilo'sus, Linn. (Fig. 218.) small Teasel. Leaves on footstalks, 

 with a small leaflet at the base on each side ; involucrum deflexed, 

 about the length of the heads. 



English Botany, t. 877. — English Flora, vol. i. p. 193.— Lindley, 

 Synopsis, p. 139. — Hooker, British Flora, vol. i. p. 64. 



Root tapering. Stem erect, from three to four feet high, furrowed, 

 rough with prickles, especially towards the top, with spreading, oppo. 

 site branches. Leaves opposite, on rough angular footstalks, ovate- 

 lanceolate, with a tapering point, unequally serrated, accompanied at 

 its base on each side with a small ovate leaflet, and, like the leaves, 

 more or less hairy. Heads of flovvcrs rather small, round, hairy. Ln- 

 volucrum of numerous narrow, lanceolate, pungent, hairy leaves, the 

 margins bristly, about the length of the head, shortly reflexed. Scales 

 of the receptacle with straight rigid points, clothed with short down, 

 and fringed with rigid bristles. Flowers similar to the last, except that 

 the corolla is larger, white, four, or, according to Smith, five-cleft. 



Habitat. — Moist shady situations ; not common. In various parts 



