^ 



204 FLOWERS OF FIELD, HILL, AND SWAMP 



has purple flowers with no rays, but a roundish involucre 

 whose scales are black-fringed just under the flower. 



62. Field Sow-thistle 



Sonchus arvensis bears bright-yellow flowers in large heads. 

 Leaves much cut, spiny-toothed, clasping the stem by a heart- 

 shaped base. 



In fields and along roadsides in New England and New York, 

 becoming common. 



63. Nipplewort 



Lampsana communis. — Family, Composite. Color, yellow. 

 Leaves, ovate or lyre-shaped, toothed or angled. 



A slender, branching plant with small, loosely panicled 

 heads of flowers, i to 3 feet high, smooth, with 8 scales in the 

 involucre in a single row. 



64. White Lettuce, or Rattlesnake-root 

 Prenanthes alba. — Family, Composite. Color, white, with 

 brown or purplish pappus and involucral scales. Leaves, tri- 

 angular, with ear- like lobes at their bases, 3- to 5-cleft, the 

 upper entire. Time, late summer and September. 



A smooth, coarse plant with milky juice, variable leaves, 

 large below and small above, 3 or 4 feet high. The heads of 

 bell-like flowers hang close to the purplish stem in terminal 

 panicles. 



65. Lion's-foot 



F. serpcntaria is lower, about 2 feet tall, with leaves more 

 cut and greenish white or cream-colored flowers with pappus 

 the same color. Flowers sometimes purplish. 



66. Canada \A^ild Lettuce 

 lactuca Canadensis. — Family, Composite. Color, pale 



