366 FLOWERS OF FIELD, HILL, AND SWAMP 



bears 8 leaves in a whorl, and white flowers, i to 3, on the 

 common peduncle. Found everywhere in shady grounds. 



30 



G. piPosum is a purple-flowered species. The leaves are in 

 whorls of four, i inch long, dotted and hairy. Flowers, 2 or 

 3 together, all with pedicels. 



Ihe galhems are interesting little herbs, in that, though weak, 

 they are persistent, and flourish better than some plants by 

 nature hardier and more aggressive. 



31. Golden-rod 



Solidago arguta. — Family, Composite. Leaves, thin, quite 

 large, serrate on the main stem, entire on the branches, acute, 

 the lower with margined petioles. 



' One of the earliest bloomers among the golden-rods. Flow- 

 ers, greenish yellow, with 6 or 7 large rays, open, spreading, 

 in rather short and loose racemes. Stan, smooth and sharply 

 angled. 



Widely distributed from New Hampshire to Pennsylvania. 



32. Aster 



Aster acuminaius. — Color, white, with a purplish tint. 

 Leaves, very much pointed, toothed, broad at the base. 



This aster has a slender, single, zigzag, and hairy stem. It 

 is low, 10 or 12 inches high, with small flowers. 



One of the earlier and an inconspicuous species. 



33. Leaf-cup 



Polymnia Canadensis. — Family, Composite. Color, pale 

 yellow. Leaves, large, thin, the uppermost 3- to 5-lobed, with 

 petioles; lower more deeply cut. Stipule -like appendages 

 are present. Flowers, in panicled, flat clusters. Generally 



