VINES 461 



purple. Leaves, roundish, heart-shaped, downy beneath, the 

 older ones 8 to 12 inches broad. Time, May. 



Calyx, tubular, bent and curved like a Dutch pipe, i^ inches 

 long, swollen below, narrowed above, with a short, somewhat 

 3 - lobed border. Corolla, none. Stamens, 6, each pair of 

 anthers joining under one of the 3 short, thick, stigmatic lobes 

 of the pistil. Flowers, drooping, on axillary peduncles, a bract 

 clasping the base of the peduncles. 



Tall, twining shrubs, found wild in rich woods from Pennsyl- 

 vania southward, and cultivated in the more northern States. 



45 



A. fomenthsa, also a Southern species, has very veiny and 

 downy heart-shaped leaves, 3 to 5 inches long, yellowish flow- 

 ers, and more slender stems than the preceding. 



46. Hop-vine 



Humulus Lupulus (" a little wolf," "because it grows among 

 and twines around the willows and chokes them as the wolf 

 does a flock of sheep "). — Family, Mulberry. Color, green. 

 Leaves, opposite, serrate, deeply 3 to 7-lobed below, becoming 

 alternate and entire above; on long petioles, i to 3 inches, 

 with stipules. Litne, July to August. Fruit ripe in September 

 and October. 



Flowers, of two kinds, the staminate ni loose racemes or 

 panicles, with a calyx of 5 sepals. The pistillate flowers grow 

 in short, roundish spikes, 2 beneath a single, broad, thin 

 calyx-leaf or fruiting-bract. These bracts, closely grouped 

 and overlapping each other, become the scales of the hop- 

 fruit or strobile. Fruit an achene. The calyx bears resinous 

 dots, which give the hop its special bitter flavor and odor. 



The soporific hop-vine, useful in making yeast and malt liquors, 

 is familiar both as a wild and cultivated vine. The young shoots 

 have been cultivated and eaten like asparagus. 



