VERNACULAR NAMES. 



attributes of a, r people tend rapidly to change with their 

 language, and few who have dwelled some time in the land 

 of the Kols can desire the change. The non- Aryan languages 

 are usually replaced by a jargon of Hindi, sometimes referred 

 to locally as Gawuwari. In some cases, especially on the east 

 of the tract, owing to association with Bengalis, a Bengali 

 dialect has been adopted. For these reasons it has been 

 necessary to include several Hindi and Bengali names. The 

 latter, however, are not numerous, as Bengali names are chiefly 

 confined to cultivated plants, and there areVfew really Bengali 

 names for purely forest species. Most of those mentioned have 

 been obtained from a comparison of the names quoted by 

 Gamble and Watt. To how great an extent Aryan languages 

 have replaced the non-Aryan may be gathered from the 

 following table, 1 which also shows the total population 

 and the number of persons per square mile in each district.. 



Pala- 

 mau. 



6,13,600 

 126 



36 

 6-7 



Santal 

 P. 



Try. 



States. 



18,09,737 

 331 



40 



10,01,429 

 62 



78 



21-22 



1 Calculated from th3 figures given in the Census of India, 1901, by 

 E. A. Gait, I.C.S. 



2 There is sometimes doubt as to which to consider aboriginal 

 among the Hindnized tribes, and the figures can only be approximate. 

 The writer has been guided as fir as possible by Risley (Tribes and 

 C&atespf Bangal) and by Ddton (Ethnology of Bengal). I£urmis are not 

 included ?n the Santal Parganas, but they are for the other districts . 

 Koiris, Ohaxaars, Goalas, Kumhars, Telia, etc., are all considered Aryan. 



35 



d2 



