CLASSIFICATION. 



Perianth absent, or if present haploohlamydeous and 

 jepaloid. Perianth leaves free or more or less connate, hypo- 

 gynons or perigyuous (vide also exceptions under A and B). 

 Orders XVI to XXI. (p. 77.) 



Exceptions :— 

 Pis. heterochlaraydeous in some Caryophyllaceae (see p. 77). 

 Perianth petaloid in some Portulacaceae, NyctaginaceaB, Polygonace® 

 and Proteacea), colonred but dry in some Amarantaceaa. 



Sub-class 2.— SympetalaB (or Gamopetalae) (p. 82). 



Perianth leaves always cyclic, and in two whorls, viz., calyx 

 and corolla. Calyx persistent and often enlarged in fruit. 

 Sepals usually 5 or 4 gamosepalous. Corolla gamopetalous 

 (see also some gamopetalous exceptions in Chon petal as), 

 the corolla-tube with an entire or 2-lipped or 4-5-lobed or 

 -toothed limb. Stamens usually adnate to the corolla, and often 

 ap[ earing inserted on it (if the corolla tube is a petaloid zone 

 of the torus, the stamens are actually inserted on it), usually 

 4 or 5 or by reduction 2. Carpels usually 2 median. Ovules 

 with one thick integument and a very small nucellns. 



Exceptions :— 



The families at the bottom of this sub-class show many exceptions 

 thus : — The petals are very slightly coherent in some Myrsinaceaa (or even 

 free in Embelia spp). Oleaceaa and Plumbaginaceaa. 



Calyx annular or of 8-12 small teeth in Thunbergia. 



Sep. and Petals more than 5 in some Ebenales, Jasminum (Oleales), 

 Cordia and Symphorema. 



Stamens free from the tube in Plumbago. 



Stamens numerous and carpels several in many EbeDales. Carpels 4-8 

 in some Primulales. 



Oviles with two integuments occur especially among Primulales and 

 SSbanales. 



A. Pentacyclicaa, or less specialized sympetalae. 



Floral whorls normally 5, i.e„ two whorls of stamens are 



52 



