CLASSIFICATION. 



present, but Primulates has one whorl rudimentary ox «*^~~c, 

 or stamens are numerous ; if only one whorl of St. present 

 then ovary of 5 carpels and 1-celled. Flowers always regular. 

 Corolla tube often very short and stamens sometimes sub- 

 hypogynous. Ovary superior (exc. some Styracese) of 

 more than 2 carpels (rarely 2 in some Ebenales). Orders I 

 and II. (p. 82). 



B. Tetracyclics or Bicarpellatae, 



Floral whorls only 4 i.e., stamens in one whorl only 

 very often reduced to 4 or 2, never numerous. Carpels most 

 usually 2 only, forming a 2- 1-celled ovary. Fls. often irregu- 

 lar. Calyx as well as corolla often tubular. 



Exceptions : — 



Corolla-tube hardly any in some Oleales and some Boraginacese. 



Ovary 2-many-locular in a few Bubiaceae, 2-4-locular in a few Oonvol- 

 valaceae, often spuriously 4-locular in Boraginaceae and Labiatae, Datura 

 and Pedaliaceae. 



1. Ovary superior Orders III to VII. (superaa, p. F3). 



2. Ovary inferior Orders VIII and IX. (infer®, p. 88). 



Class II.— ftfonocotyledoneae or Monocotyledons. 



Plants of which the embryo has only one cotyledon or seed- 

 leaf, which may become free from the seed and forms the 

 first green leaf, e.g.. Agave, or remains with its tip entirely or 

 almost entirely enclosed in the seed from which it absorbs the 

 albumen, e.g., Dioscorea, Palms, the Grasses, etc. Sheathing 

 bases to the leaves are very characteristic of Monocotyledons, 

 even tbe cotyledon has a sheathing base which usually wraps 

 round the young plumule. Sheathing bases are, however, 

 found in some Dicotyledons, especially in the Ranales, 

 Rosacea?, Umbellales. 



The monocotyledons are usually herbs, very sparsely branched. There 

 are several exceptions : thu3 Asparagus is often copiously branched, and 

 Smilax contains branched woody climbers. The root or perennial stem 

 often develops into an underground tuber, or bulb or rhizome. The leaves 

 usually have several more or less parallel primary nerves, and the 

 secondary nerves, if any, are mostly at right angles to them ; in many 



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