CLASSIFICATION. 



38. The Vine Family. 



Herbs or shrubs -with simple digitate or pinnately com- 

 found leaves, climbing by tendrils, or erect with jointed 

 stems. Fls. small in umbels or panicles. Sep. and pet. 

 usually 4-5. Pet. valvate, sometimes calyptrate, free or 

 united at tbe base with the stamens. St. inserted 1 at the base 

 of the disc, free or connate into a tube. Ovary 2, rar*ly 3-6- 

 celled, with 2 collateral ovules in each cell. Fruit-baccate. 



38. Ampelidaceae (p. 274). 

 Series B {vide p. 51.) 



See also Parietales sub-order Passiflorineso and Celastrales 

 and other exceptions under A. 



Order IX— Opuntiales (perhaps allied to Banales and 

 Parietales). 



Stout fleshy usually prickly plants with the leaves reduced 

 to scales with spines or set© in their axila Flowers often 

 very large, usually solitary hemicyclic perigynous or 

 epigynons. Ejpanthium often produced beyond the ovary 

 bearing the many sepals and petals which pass into one 

 another and are often connate at the base. St. many. Ovary 

 with many parietal placentae. 



39. The Cactus Family. 39. Cactacese (p. 281). 

 Order X — Ro sales (probably allied to Banales). 



Trees, shrubs or herbs with alternate simple or compound 

 stipulate leaves (which, especially in the herbaceons genera, 

 often have sheathing bases as in Banales). Fls. rarely small, 

 regular, perigynous or epigynous (or nearly hypogynous in 

 some herbs) cyclic. Calyx with 5-10 usually imbricate sepals, 

 the odd sepal superior (dorsal). Petals free, usually 5. 

 Stamens usually many, usually incurved or circinate in bud. 

 Ovary apocarpous, carpels 5-many free or if carpels adnate 

 to the hypanthium then styles free. Carpel rarely only 1, 

 and then with only 1-2 ovules and fruit a drupe. Ovules 

 1-several, Fruit of achenes, drupels or drupaceous, sometimes 



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