4. Clausena.] 29. BVTACEM. [5. Livonia. 



leaves and terminal panicles of green flowers with 8 yellow 

 stamens. 



Singbhum, common in Sal forests. The new shoots appear in April. 

 Fla. May-June. Fr. July-Aug. 



Strongly scented. Brattches tomentose from a perennial rootstock 

 erect. Leaf-rachis tomentose 6-12'' long. Lflt?. l-§-3£'' ovate to oblong or 

 lanceolate with very oblique base, acuminate, hairy especially beneath 

 when young and with large marginal pubescent glands. Branches of 

 panicle eyrnose. Fls. £" diam. hairy. Sepals 4 minute. Petals 4, 

 3-nerved. Ovary 4-celled, villous. Style stout deciduous. Ovules 2 in 

 each cell. Fruit \" ellipsoid. 



The dried and powdered root3tocks are used by the Kols for decayed 

 teeth. In the Himalayas this plant becomes a large shrub or small tree. 



2. C. Wampi, Blanco. Vern. Wampi (from the Chinese). 



A small tree occasionally cnltivated for its edible berries 

 which are greenish and abont f" diam. The leaves are 5-9- 

 foliolate, 8-13", glabrous, Lflts. 3-5J" obliquely ovate. Rind 

 of fruit full of glands. 

 Fls. May. Fr. July. 



5. Limonia, L. 



1. L. acidissillia, L. Belsain, Khar.; Beli, R. 



A small straight tree attaining 30 ft. with 1-2 axillary 

 spines, 1 pinnate leaves with winged rachis and usually 5-7 

 leaflets, the small pale-yellowish white flowers in very short 

 close racemes and the small globose fruits black when ripe 

 and intensely bitter (not acid). 



Frequent in valleys in Palamau (Betlah Forest, etc.) The Belsain Pir 

 in the Ranchi district appears to be named after it. Santhal P. (Ghor- 

 mara, in the south). 



Sub-deciduous at the time of flowering. Fl. May- June. Fr. ripens 

 Ifov.-Dec. 



Shoots pubescent. Lflts. opposite ell. or elliptic-ovate crenate 1-2" long 

 with cuneate base and usually obtuse notched apex. Wings narrowly 

 obovate. Race)nes \-l", mostly from leafless axils. Fls. i" diam. long- 

 pedicelled, 4-merous. St. 8. Ovary 4-celled, sub-globose. Cells 1-ovuled. 

 Style short very Btout. Berry %" diam. green until ripe. 



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