1. Zizyphus. ] 37. RHAMNACE&, [ 2. Ventiiago. 



5. Z. nigosa, Lamk. Sirkar (or Tsirka) K. ; Sekra, S. ; 

 Pituar, KaraiJ, Kharw.; Hohnoi, Mai. P. 



A large shrub or small tree with long pendent or (in 

 favourable localities) scandent branches, large elliptic 3-5 

 nerved serrulate leaves and large tomentose panicles of 

 greenish-yellow flowers arranged in peduncled cymes (or 

 lower cymes axillary forked). 



Valleys in Singbhum, Manbhum, Camp. ; Eanchi and Jashpur, Wood ; 

 Palaman, Hatlett ; Hazaribagh ; Santal P., common. 



PI. Feb.-March. Fl. May-July. Evergreen. • New shoots Jan.-Feb. 



Yonng parts tomentose. Trickles usually solitary (a caducous triangu- 

 lar stipule on other side). L. minutely serrulate 2-6'' long (attaining 

 6" by 4|") apex usually rounded and base sub-cordate. Fls. £-?". Sep. 

 5-6 whitish within. Fet,als o. Disc yellow lobed. Ovary pubescent 2-celled. 

 Frt. %-\" diam. white fleshy, with a thin 1-celled and 1-seeded stone. 



The fruit is eaten. " The powdered bark mived with ghee is applied 

 to the swollen cheek in tooth-a,che and for ulcers in the mouth," Camp. 



2, Ventila^O, Gaertn. 



Scrambling or climbing shrubs occasionally with some of 

 the branohlets circinately coiled into woody tendrils. L. pen- 

 ninerved entire or toothed, sub-bifarious, stipules caducous. 

 Flowers small greenish, 5-merous, 2-sexual, in terminal 

 and axillary panicles. Calyx lobes keeled within. Petals 

 cncullate or condhplicate over the stamens which are incurved 

 in bud. Anthers short, shortly horned (always ?\. Disc 

 filling* the calyx-tube below and lining it above, with a short 

 Iree margin. Ovary sunk in the disc, 2-celled with a short 

 thick 2-nd style, which develops in fruit into a large linear 

 or oblong wing surmounting the globose nut. 



1. V, maderaspatana, Gaertn. Bonga-sarjom. (The 

 Demon-sal) K. !$.; Ter, Keonti, Kharw.; Rai-dhani, Pitti, 

 H. ; Raktapita. Beng. 



A large scandent shrub with bifarious elliptic or" oblong 

 acuminate glabrous leaves (young somewhat pubescent* 

 about 5" long, and tomentose or pubescent fascicles of small 



