74. ATOCYNACEM. [1. Cabisba. 



(b) Mouth of corolla without scales. All climbing 

 shrubs. 



1. Anthers exserted. Fls. white £"-§" diam. . . 10. Vallarit. 



2. Anthers included— 



(i) Corolla very large, tubular-campanulate . 11. Beaumontia. 

 (ii) Corolla small or medium-sized. Petals 

 overlapping to the right in bud — 



Petals nearly straight in bud. Cymes tomen- 



tose 12. Aganosma. 



Pet. sharply twisted to the left in bud. 

 Cymes glabrous . ... 13. Anodendron. 



Pet. as in 13 but the tips inflexed. Cymes 

 pubescent 14. Iehnocarpus. 



1. Carissa, L. 



1. C. Carandas, L. (Including C. Bpinaram, A.D.C.) 

 Kami v\ an, K, (/. Gamble,) Oraon (/. Watt); Karwak, janum, 

 Karwat', S. ; Karaunda, E. 



A rigid dichotomously branched small or large shrub, or 

 small tree, with pairs of divaricate simple or branched thorns 

 at the nodes, elliptic ovate or rounded coriaceous leaves §-l|* 

 and small white or pale-pink flowers. Fr. a globose or 

 ellipsoid berry first red then black. 



Very common over the norbhern parts of the province, chiefly 

 frequenting sandy soils and rapidly diminishing on clay, while it is 

 absent from the forest tracts of Singbhum and Gangpur. Chiefly in tht 

 north-west of the S. P., Gamble. 



In full flower April-May, but also flowering up to Sept. Fr. 

 ripens Nov.-Dec and onwards to March. Evergreen, the new shoota 

 appear in March. 



There are two species recognized in the F.B.I, of which C. spinarum 

 is said to bo sub-erect and shrubby, tip of leaves mucronate or apiculate 

 spines more slender, corolla only |" long and berry \" diam. 

 Bub-globoBe, while C. Carandas is large and erect, often arboreous, tip 

 cf leaves rounded or obtuse, corolla f-1" long, and berry ellipsoid 

 |-1*. Brandis suggested that the latter is a form of the former, and 

 as the Chota Ntigpur plant is often a small tree 25 ft. high with most of 

 the other characters of C. spinarum, and the large berried form is usua ly 

 only seen in cultivation, the forms are i better united.. A small variety 



424 



