AN OUTLINE OF STRUCTURAL BOTANY 
Ir we consider the characters of a plant from the point of view 
of its internal and ultimate structure we are occupied with its 
Internal Morphology, an important and necessary study, which 
reveals a great variety of interesting facts all worthy of the atten- 
tion of the student of nature. 
So also if we examine the different phenomena which contribute 
to the development and growth of the plant, the branch of study 
known as Vegetable Physiology, we are engaged in inquiries relat- 
ing to the actions and influences which contribute to the functions 
of growth and of reproduction and to the form of the plant in 
its various stages. In this branch of investigation we ‘study the 
influence of light, of heat, of moisture and of many physical and 
chemical forces. This branch of botanical study is also most inter- 
esting and important, and both it and the study of internal mor- 
phology are essential to a well rounded knowledge of botany. 
Necessary as are these branches of study to one who would 
acquire a full conception of the science of botany, a familiarity 
with them is not essential to the student who seeks principally to 
recognise the various plants which he may encounter in his excur- 
sions through fields and forests or along lakes or streams or who 
desires to form a collection of plants for study or amusement. 
In the following pages it is the purpose to present only those 
facts respecting the Hxternal Morphology which will serve as aids 
to the student in determining the names and places in classifica- 
tion of the flowering plants which are found in the region selected. 
While space does not admit here of a consideration of the two 
first mentioned branches of the study of botany and while it admits 
of only an outline of that branch necessary to aid in the determina- 
tion of names and of classification of plants, the student should be 
impressed with the importance of a wider knowledge of the science 
of vegetable life than that which can be acquired by the superficial 
acquaintance of plants which one may encounter or collect. 
Books treating of both internal and external structural botany 
and of vegetable physiology are to be found in which the science 
is treated, some from an elementary standpoint, others from a most 
technical point of view. 
