KEY TO NATURAL ORDERS 63 
at the top or by 3 teeth at top. Floral receptacle concave and the ovary 
above the petals and stamens, 
OrvER II—CARYOPHYLLINEAE—PInNK OrpDER 
(Page 224) 
Flowers generally with both calyx and corolla, the latter of several 
distinct petals, mostly 5. In Paronichia and in certain species of some 
other genera the corolla is undeveloped or only rudimentary. Ovary 
of 1 cell, above the stamens and corolla, many seeded, the ovules arising 
from the central column. Leaves always opposite and without teeth 
or lobes and without stipules. 
OrpER III—RANALES—Orper or PoLycARPES 
(Page 240) 
Flowers with several petals or in a few exceptional cases without 
apparent petals, regular or irregular. Stamens usually numerous more 
than the petals. Stamens and petals below the ovary, which consists 
of 1 or more, frequently several, seed vessels (carpels) which, in gen- 
eral, are free from each other (example, those of the Buttercup). 
The parts of the flower are usually inserted in a spiral line. The 
Order includes Families differing widely in appearance, but which are 
united by these general characteristics. 
76. Flower of Water Lily. 77. Spray of Hornwort. 78. Section of flower of 
Ranunculus. 79. Flower oi Columbine. 80. Flower of Larkspur. 81. Flower clus- 
ter of Barberry. 82. Flower of Mandrake. 83. Menispermum. 84. Leaf and fruit 
of Sassafras. 85. Flower of Tulip Tree. 
OrvER IV—RHOEADALES—TuHE Porpy OrpDER 
(Page 268) 
Flowers with double perianth, the petals usually 4, the sepals 2 or 
4, sometimes 8. The parts of the perianth are always independent. 
The receptacle is, with few exceptions, convex; stamens 4 or more. 
Seed caskets (carpels) 2 or more, which ordinarily grow together, form- 
ing a single ovary as in the Poppy. 
or ae, 
Dar & 
86. 87. 88. 89. 90. gl. 95, 
86. “Head” of Poppy. 87. Fruit of Celandine. 88. Flower of Bicucula. 89. 
Flower of Cardimine. 90. Stamens and pistil of Cardimine. gt. Pod (silique), of 
Tower Mustard, opened. 92. Pod (silicle), of Shepherd’s Purse. 93- Pod (silicle), 
of Penny Cress. 94. Flower of Cleome. 95. Flower of Mignonette, 
OrpER V—SARRACENIALES—Orper or THE PircHeR PLANTS 
(Page 291) 
Seed caskets (carpels) 2 or more united into one. Ovaries above the 
stamens, corolla usually of 5 petals. Leaves all at the base. In Sar- 
