KEY TO NATURAL ORDERS 65 
OrDER IX—RHAMNALES—OrpDER OF THE BUCKTHORN 
(Page 394) 
Shrubs, trees or vines. Ovary superior and free from the calyx. 
Stamens as many as the divisions of the calyx and alternate with them. 
When petals are present the stamens are opposite to them. Ovules 
not peduious. 
OrpER X—MALVALES—OrpDER OF THE MALLOWS 
(Page 396) 
Trees, shrubs or herbs with distinct petals and, usually, numerous 
stamens. Carpels united into a compound ovary, which is free from 
the calyx and above it. Sepals, in the bud, meeting but not overlapping. 
Oyule bearing surface forming a central column within the capsule. 
130. Taw 132: 
130, Leaf and fruit of Linden. 131. Flower of Mallow. 132. Fruit of Mallow. 
OrDER XI—PARIETALES—Orper oF THE VIOLETS 
(Page 400) 
Herbs, rarely trees or shrubs, ours all small herbs. Sepals overlap- 
ping each other in bud or are longitudinally rolled. Ovyules generally 
attached to the sides of the capsule or rarely to central axis. 
pie 134. 135. 136. 138. 
133. Flower of Hypericum. 134. Spray of Water-wort, 125. Flower of Frost- 
weed. 136. Fruit of Pin-weed. 137. Flower of Violet. 138. Flower of Yellow 
Passion + Flower, 
OrpeR XII—OPUNTIALES—Orper or THE CAcTI 
(Page 417) 
Fleshy and generally, spiny plants. Ovary inferior to the calyx and 
attached to it. Sepals and petals numerous, indefinite in number. 
Orpek XIII—THYMELEALES—Orprer or THE MoosE Woop 
(Page 417) 
In our area, all shrubs, not fleshy or spiny. Calyx extending up- 
wards upon the ovary and attached to it. In our species petals are 
wanting. Ovary of a single cell with a single ovule. 
