PINE FAMILY 83 
The leaves are, 
1st. Needle-shaped (pine, spruces, balsams and junipers). 
2d. Flat, scale-like leaves overlapping each other (white and 
red cedars). 
Fruit berry-like, 
Berry brown or blue’. . . . . Juniperus 
Fruit a cone composed of leathery or aie scales. 
Leaves in small bundles or fasciculi. 
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Evergreen Ss oo tet eee | oe RIES 
Leaves Bhecwed furde: on fe stem: 
Needle-shaped leaves spreading in all directions. 
Leaves prismatic, more or less 4-sided . . . Picea 
Leaves flattened, not prismatic . . . . . Abies 
Needle-shaped leaves spreading on opposite sides Tsuga 
Leaves flattened and overlapping each other, not 
needle-shaped. 
Two rows of leaves keeled, stem appearing flat- 
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Four rows of leaves keeled, stem rounded Chamaecyparis 
The family is divided into two tribes, Cupressineae and 
Abietineae. 
Trine I.— CUPRESSINEAE. Tuer Cypress TRIBE 
The leaves are opposite or in whorls, not in bundles, and the 
scales of the cones are few compared with those in the next tribe. 
1. JUNIPERUS, L. 
Leaves awl-shaped, in our species arranged in whorls of about three 
leaves each, or scale-like and overlapping. Fruit a false berry containing 
1 to 3 hard seeds. Berry embraced below by a few scales. Pollen bearing 
cones small, oval or globular, in the axils of the leaves near the extremity 
.of the stem and usually on a different plant from the fruit bearer. 
1. J. communis, L. (Fig. 8, pl. 1). Common Junreer. A small 
tree or shrub, aromatic, leaves needle-shaped, prickly, 1/2 to 2/3 in. long. 
Berries turning from greenish the first year to dark brown or bluish- 
brown the second year. On dry hillsides southeast portion of our region 
and southward. Not common in our area. 
2. J. nana, Willd. Low JUvUNIPER. (J. communis, var. depressa, 
Pursh.) A low shrub spreading in a broad circular patch, sometimes 8 
or 10 ft. in diameter and about 2 ft. high. Leaves and fruit resemble 
those of the erect species, No. 1. Barren hillsides. Common. 
3. J. virginiana, L. (Fig. 7, p. 1.) Rep Cepar. A tree, generally, 
in our region less than 40 ft. high. Leaves somewhat flattened, short, 
