110 ARACEAE 
the upper part of which bears staminate flowers, the lower, pistillate. 
The column is enclosed by a sheath, generally striped in green and dark 
purple (the spathe). Fruit a fleshy oval berry, red when ripe. A number 
of such berries surround the fleshy, club-like mass. 
1. A. triphyllum, Torr. (Fig. 1, pl. 8.) JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. (Arum 
triphyllum, L.) One or two leaf stems, each bearing 3 leaflets, the stem 
and leaf 3 to 3 ft. high. Flower stem shorter than stems bearing leaves. 
The green- or purple-striped sheath curves over the spadix. Found com- 
monly in moist woods. April-June. 
Var. A. pusillum, Peck. SMALL JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. Similar to No. 
1, but smaller and more slender, 14 in. high or less, spathe striped below; 
hood deep brown or nearly black. Open soggy bogs, New York. May-July. 
Var. A. Stewardsonii, Britton. FLUTED SpaTHED INDIAN TuRNIP. Simi- 
lar to No. 1, but spathe is distinctly fluted and leaves are shining on both 
sides. Spathe about as long as the stem from which it springs. Wet 
woods, growing among sphagnum, Penn. to Vermont. July. 
2. A. Dracontium, (L.) Schott. (Fig. 7, pl. 8.) GREEN DRacon. 
Leaf stem bears 5 to 17 leaflets, the stem and leaflets much exceeding the 
flower scape in height, the leaflets 3 to 10 in. long. Sheath greenish or 
whitish, not curving over the spadix, which tapers to a long, slender 
appendix. Moist shady places, our area. May-June. 
z. PELTANDRA, Raf. 
Large, undivided, arrow-shaped, shining, green leaves on long sheathing 
stalks, native of bogs. Flower column (spadix) slender and tapering, 
closely enveloped by the long green sheath (spathe). As the fruit is 
perfected the long flower stems bend toward the ground in goose neck 
fashion and the extremity of the sheath as well as the column fall off. 
P. virginica, (L.) Kunth, (Fig. 1, pl. 9.) Green Arrow ARUM. 
In swamps and bogs throughout our region. 
3. CALLA, L. 
Low herb with heart-shaped or rounded leaves, in swamps or in borders 
of sluggish streams. Flower column much shorter than the sheath, which 
is white within and greenish on the outside. Leaf stem 2 to 6 in. long, 
leaf blades 2 to 6 in. long and nearly as wide. Berries in a cylindric 
group around the fleshy spadix, each involucre conic, red, few seeded. 
C. palustris, L. (Fig. 6, pl. 8.) Warer Arum. Resembles the culti- 
vated calla, but is more or less creeping, and the central column is much 
thicker and longer in proportion to the white sheath. Bogs throughout 
our area. 
4. SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisb. (Spathyema, Raf.) 
Leaves large, heart-shaped or nearly oval. Whole plant fetid. Flower 
column oval, surrounded by a purplish-brown sheath, 3 to 6 in. high and 
4 as wide. 
S. foetidus, (L.) Nutt. (Fig. 4, pl. 9.) Skunk Cappace. The un- 
attractive flower appears very early in the spring (Feb. to April), pre- 
ceding the large leaves, these become from 1 to 3 ft. long and 4 as wide. 
In swamps and wet soil, our area. Feb.-April. 
