122 JUNCACEAE 
black. Seeds tailed at both ends. Sandy swamps. Southern part of our 
area. (New Jersey). 
18. J. canadensis, Gay. (Fig. 4, pl. 10.) Canapa Rusu. Stems 1 
to 4 ft. high, stout, with 2 to 4 stem leaves, which are erect and smooth. 
Flower cluster in whorls, the heads containing from 3 to 40 flowers. 
Parts of the perianth lance-shaped, acute, the inner row longer than the 
outer. Stamens 3. Capsule 3-sided, lance-shaped, longer than the peri- 
anth. Seeds tailed at each end. Common; quite variable. 
19. J. marginatus, Rostk. GrRass-LEAVeED RusH. Growing in tufts. 
Scape 6 to 30 in. tall, 2- to 4-leaved. Flowers in severai nearly spherical 
heads on branching stems or one above another. Stamens 3; capsule ovoid, 
as long as the perianth. Grassy places. 
20. J. stygius, L. Moor Rusu. Not tufted. Stems 3 to 12 in. high; 
1 to 3 leaves below. Flowers in 1 to 4 heads, each of 1 to 4 flowers. 
The bract subtending the cluster or clusters, usually exceeding the clus- 
ters in length. Capsule spindle-shaped, sharp-pointed, rather longer than 
the perianth. Maine, northern New York. 
Seeds acute, not tailed. 
21. J. pelocarpus, Meyer. BRrowNIsH-rruITED RusH. (J. subtilis, 
Meyer.) Stems slender, 3 to 20 in. high, with 1 to 5 leaves, which are 
slender and rounded, Flower cluster of whorls of branches bearing very 
small heads, 1 to 3 flowers, which aré reddish. Pod oblong, pointed, 
longer than the perianth. Bract subtending the cluster shorter than the 
cluster, Northern part of our area to southern New Jersey. 
22. J. articulatus, L. Jomnrep RusH. Stems 8 to 20 in. high, with 
1 or 2 leaves, which are rounded and slender. Cluster of several whorls 
of branches, the branches carrying 1 or more heads each. Heads of 6 
to 12 flowers. Perianth brown, its parts oblong. Pod deep brown ex- 
ceeding the perianth. Seeds not tailed. Bract of base of cluster shorter 
than cluster. Throughout our area. 
23. J. militaris, Begel. Bayonet Rusu. Stems stout, 2 to 4 ft. 
high, each bearing a single leaf or less frequently 2 rounded leaves, one 
of which may be 2 to 34 ft. high, overtopping the flower cluster. At 
base are dense fascicles of thread-like leaves from the nodes of the root- 
stock. Cluster branching, with many heads, each containing from 5 to 
12 or more brown flowers. Parts of the perianth acute, as long as the 
cone-shaped capsule. In bogs and streams, northern New York. 
24. J. nodosus, L. (Fig. 9, pl. 10.) KNorrep Rusu. Stem slender, 
4 to 2 ft. high, with 2 or 3 stem leaves, the upper (the bract) over- 
topping the cluster. Cluster of few or many heads; the heads nearly 
spherical of & to 20 flowers. Capsule conical, very slender-pointed, the 
parts of the involucre also narrow and slender-pointed, 1/2 or 2/3 as 
long as the capsule. Wet sands. 
25. J. Richardsonianus, Schult. Rricnarpson’s Rusu. In loose tufts. 
Stems 6 to 20 in. high, 1- to 2-leaved. Clusters of rounded heads 2} to 
8 in. high, branching, the branches somewhat parallel or spreading. Leaf 
below the cluster about 4 as long as the cluster. Heads 3- to 12-ilowered. 
Capsule ovoid-oblong, slightly exceeding the perianth, straw-colored or 
brown, Throughout our area, 
