LILY FAMILY 135 
or single. Ovaries, except in Maianthemum, 3-celled above the perianth 
and free from it. 
Herbs without Woody Stems 
Teeaves small, needle-formed . . . . . »« . . = . Asparagus 
Leaves broad, but parallel veined. 
Perianth segments 4, stamens 4 . . . . . . Maianthemum 
Perianth of 6 segments free, stamens 6. 
Flowers in an umbel. 
eaves: tromeahey. Toot) S228) 2h) tes) 3, Clintonia 
Leaves in a whorl of more than 3 about the stem . Medeola 
Flowers in a lengthened cluster (raceme) . . . Smilacina 
Flowers in pairs. 
Blower@pair terminals:  .) =... > + >> . Disporum 
Flowers along the course of the stem (or sometimes single). 
Wlower sepments; iree 2. . « &@  &* « “Streptopus 
Flower segments united, tubular . . . Polygonatum 
Leaves broad, veins not parallel. 
Perianth of 3 colored and 3 green segments . . . . Trillium 
1. ASPARAGUS, L. 
Rootstock perennial, stem slender, branching with many short needle- 
like leaves (or branchlets) arising in groups. The earlier leaves are 
seale-like with broad insertions and it is in the axils of these scale-like 
leaves that the needle formed leaves arise. Flowers numerous along the 
branches of the stem, bell-shaped, segments deeply divided but joined at 
the base. Berry red when ripe. 
A. officinalis, L. Escaped from gardens, naturalized in places in our 
region. 
2. CLINTONIA, Raf. 
Herbs, growing in shade with spreading roots, few leaves, all from the 
root and a slender scape or flower stem bearing an umbel-like cluster of 
bell-shaped flowers. Ovary 2-celled. 
1. C. borealis, (Ait.) Raf. (Fig. 5, pl. 14.) Yettow C1rinTonia. 
Flower stem covered with fine soft hairs, 6 to 15 in. high. Flowers, 2 to 
5 in the umbel, yellow. Common. 
2. C. umbellulata, (Michx.) Torr. Wuuite Cirnronta. Stem more 
hairy and leaves broader. Flowers 12 to 30 in the uwmbel, white. Rich 
woods; New York and southward. 
3. SMILACINA, Desf. (Vagnera, Adams) 
Slender horizontal rootstocks. Leafy stems with loose many flowered 
