294 ROSALES 
for example, the Podostemon has neither sepals nor petals, the 
style and double stamen being partly surrounded at base by a 
small spathe. In Liquidambar the pistillate flower has a small 
confluent calyx but no corolla, and from the staminate flower 
both calyx and corolla are absent. In Sanguisorba the petals, 
and in Xanthoxylum the sepals are wanting. 
2nd. The carpels (seed caskets), are solitary or several may be 
united in one or collected in a group. 
3d. The stamens do not, with very few exceptions, arise from a 
ring just at the base of the ovary, but spring from the calyx or 
around the summit of the ovary. 
4th. Except Podostemon, which is a submersed aquatic, all are 
land plants, though a few are found growing in mud or in 
swamps. 
5th. In the great majority of species of this order the stamens 
and pistils are found in the same flower. In exceptional cases 
the stamens and pistils occupy different flowers. Examples: 
Hamamelis, Iiquidambar and Platanus. | 
FAMILIES OF THE ORDER ROSALES 
Submersed aquatic plant . . . . . . PODOSTEMACEAE 
Trees, shrubs and herbs, land plants. 
Fruit a simple or compound dry capsule. 
. Stamens less than 20 
Fleshy or succulent herbs, leaves without stipules; 
ovaries as many as the divisions of the calyx. Sta- 
mens inserted on the calyx . . CRASSULACEAE 
Herbs or trees, not fleshy, ovaries 2, fewer than the 
divisions of the calyx. Stamens inserted on the 
Calpe Reh cite kk tee ON SAXIFRAGACEAE 
Fruit a one-celled globular berry . GROSSULARIACEAE 
Fruit contained in a rounded woody capsule. 
Shrub with alternate undivided leaves, with flowers 
appearing in late summer or in autumn, petals 4, 
long, strap-like sepals 4. . HAMAMELIDACEAE 
